Moral Economy of Islam: Institute of International Studies; University of California, Berkeley
Bulliet, Richard, ed., Under siege: Islam and democracy: proceedings of a conference held at Columbia University, June 18-19, 1993. [New York]: Middle East Institute, Columbia University, c1994. Series title: Occasional papers (Columbia University. Middle East Institute); 1.
Chishti, Faiz Ali, Betrayals of another kind: Islam, democracy, and the army in Pakistan. Cincinnati, Ohio: Asia Pub. House, 1989.
Esposito, John L., and John O. Voll. Islam and Democracy. New York: Oxford University Press, 1996.
Mernissi, Fatima. Islam and democracy: fear of the modern world. Translated by Mary Jo Lakeland. Reading, Mass.: Addison-Wesley Pub. Co. [1992].
Siddiqi, Shujaat Ullah. Islam versus democracy: vis-a-vis Pakistan. 1st ed. Karachi: Royal Book Co., 1992.
Sisk, Timothy D., Islam and democracy: religion, politics, and power in the Middle East. Washington, D.C.: US Institute of Peace, 1992. Series title: Perspectives series.
The Marriage of Islam and democracy: a Middle East challenge to the West: book summary. [Washington, DC] (1550 M St., NW, Suite 700, Washington 20005-1708): [U.S. Institute of Peace, 1993]. Series title: United States Institute of Peace in brief; no. 45.
Turabi, Hasan. Islam, democracy, the state and the West: a round table with Dr. Hasan Turabi, May 10, 1992. Edited by Arthur L. Lowrie; transcribed by Maria Schone. Tampa, Fla., U.S.A: World & Islam Studies Enterprise, c1993. Series title: WISE monograph series; no. 1.
Addi, Lahouari. Islamicist Utopia and democracy. (Political Islam) Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science v524 (Nov, 1992):120 (11 pages). Abstract: This article addresses democratic construction in Islamic societies throughout the Algerian experience. Its main conclusions can be summarized as follows. First, in all Muslim societies, there exists an Islamicist utopia that stands as an obstacle not only to democracy but also to political modernity. Until now, this utopia has been contained only by repression that finally impedes the democratization. Second, Islam presents itself as a public religion that participates in the legitimization of political power. The democratic ideology, however, is compatible with religion to the extent that it is lived as a private concern. Finally, the Islamicist utopia and the public aspect of Islam aim at maintaining society's communal structures. They refuse to make the singularity of the political arena independent and reject differentiation through politics within a society that claims to be fraternal.
Arat, Zehra F. Islam and Democracy: Religion, Politics, and Power in the Middle East. (book reviews) International Journal of Middle East Studies v27, n1 (Feb, 1995):97 (2 pages). Pub Type: Review.
Beck, L. Islam and Democracy: Fear of the Modern World. (book reviews) CHOICE v30, n8 (April, 1993):1374. Pub Type: Review.
Bianchi, Robert. Islam and democracy in Egypt. Current History v88, n535 (Feb, 1989):93 (4 pages).
Brumberg, Daniel. Islam and Democracy: Fear of the Modern World. (book reviews) Contemporary Sociology v23, n5 (Sept, 1994):680 (2 pages). Pub Type: Review.
Can Islam, democracy, and modernization co-exist? Africa Report v35, n4 (Sept-Oct, 1990):9.
Cantori, Louis J. Democracy, Islam, and the study of Middle Eastern politics. Political Science & Politics v27, n3 (Sept, 1994):507. Abstract: Contemporary study of Middle Eastern politics reveals area problems in political science. Two additional factors have contributed to this problem. The difficult and complicated Middle Eastern languages and culture have resulted in the relatively late development of a social science consciousness in political research, which occurred only in the 1970s. Additionally, the study of Middle Eastern politics is influenced by the American and European attitudes toward Islam and Arabism.
Cooke, Miriam. Islam and Democracy: Fear of the Modern World. (book reviews) International Journal of Middle East Studies v26, n2 (May, 1994):356 (3 pages). Pub Type: Review.
Dunn, Michael Collins. Revivalist Islam and democracy: thinking about the Algerian quandary. Middle East Policy v1, n2 (Spring, 1992):16 (7 pages). Abstract: The voiding of the Islamic Salvation Front's victory in Algeria's first free multiparty elections was seen as a precautionary measure by Islamic secularists while others viewed the move as a contradiction of the democratic process. The event questions the viability of coexistence between fundamentalist movements and democracy. The problem is that fundamentalist programs are often ambiguous. People will continue to doubt fundamentalist intentions until their programs are clarified and clearly presented, but this does not necessarily mean that election reversals should be advocated.
Entelis, John P.; Arone, Lisa J. Algeria in turmoil: Islam, democracy and the state. Middle East Policy v1, n2 (Spring, 1992):23 (13 pages). Abstract: Algerian democratic reforms are being hindered by the political orientation of the state. Despite increased public support for democratic reforms, the government and the military continue to hold on to their authoritarian position, harassing opposition groups such as the Islamic Salvation Front. The government's National Liberation Front (NFL) continues to farebadly in national elections. The autocratic attitude of the government, the army and the NFL must be changed for the democratic process to function in Algeria.
Filali-Ansary, Abdou. The challenge of secularization.(Islam and Liberal Democracy: response to articles by Bernard Lewis p. 52 and Robin Wright p. 64 in this issue) Journal of Democracy v7, n2 (April, 1996):76 (5 pages). Abstract: Muslim societies are reacting differently to challenges posed by the spread of secularism. Pluralism in a nascent form has always been a part of Islam, but external secular influences have spurred a debate on what direction the Islamic revolution should take. Two contradictory schools of thought are evident, based on their attitude towards religion. The reformers advocate internal reforms and a return to the Islamic constitution. The proactives address social and religious issues of diverse Muslim communities as being the only path towards lasting democratization.
Finan, William W. Islam and Democracy: Religion, Politics, and Power in the Middle East. (book reviews) Current History v93, n580 (Feb, 1994):92. Pub Type: Review.
Hamdi, Mohamed Elhachmi. The limits of the western model: Islam and liberal democracy.(Islam and Liberal Democracy: response to Bernard Lewis p. 52 and Robin Wright p. 64 in this issue) Journal of Democracy v7, n2 (April, 1996):81 (5 pages). Abstract: Robin Wright and Bernard Lewis's articles draw arguments that serious limitations exist in the western model of democracy that bespeak moral degradation and failure to control racism and anti-semitism. As the teachings of the Shari'a have for long dictated Muslim laws, imposing this model on the Muslim world can have serious social and political repercussions. Contemporary Islam can imbibe lessons on political representation and accountability from the West. However, a constructive dialogue that respects their identities can contribute to the democratic elements of Islam.
Harpviken, Kristian B. Islam and Democracy: Fear of the Modern World. (book reviews) Journal of Peace Research v31, n4 (Nov, 1994):468. Pub Type: Review.
Kubba, Laith. Recognizing pluralism.(Islam and Liberal Democracy: response to Bernard Lewis p. 52 and Robin Wright p. 64 in this issue) Journal of Democracy v7, n2 (April, 1996):86 (4 pages). Abstract: Bernard Lewis and Robin Wright's articles give rise to a response that the relationship between Islam and liberal democracy hinges on the acceptance of pluralism as a means of effective governance. Traditional interpretations of the scriptures have hindered the prospects for liberal democracy in Muslim countries. Liberal Islamists have had marginal impact, and the political turmoil has led to a rise of fundamentalism, as in Iran. Politicized Islamic groups must rethink a system of political pluralism divorced from theological abstractions to make democratic governance a reality in the Islamic world.
Lee, Amos. Islam, Democracy, the State and the West: A Round Table With Dr. Hasan Turabi. (book reviews) Muslim World v84, n3-4 (July-Oct, 1994):362 (3 pages). Pub Type: Review.
Lewis, Bernard. A historical overview.(Islam and Liberal Democracy) Journal of Democracy v7, n2 (April, 1996):52 (12 pages). Abstract: Autocracy has historically been the dominant political tradition in most Islamic regimes, and political freedom to date remains an alien concept. An intimate link between theology and governance is the mainstay of orthodox Islamic political tradition. Hence, most sovereign Islamic states today lack internal freedom or democracy. Yet, by censuring arbitrary rule, Islamic political culture retains a margin of consent that can aid the growth of democratic institutions. While secular values in Islam remain a debatable issue, many Muslims now look to democracy to achieve the freedom they lack.
Monshipouri, Mahmood; Kukla, Christopher G. Islam, democracy and human rights: the continuing debate in the West. Middle East Policy v3, n2 (Spring, 1994):22 (18 pages). Abstract: The West must cooperate with Islamic groups to gradually establish democracy in Muslim countries instead of imposing western concepts of democracy and human rights, which are incompatible with Islamic culture despite Islam's inherent democratic nature. The hasty imposition of Western ideals of democracy and human rights by suppressing Islamic groups and their activities will lead to destabilization and human rights abuses in Muslim states. The situation in Algeria illustrates the differences in Western and Islamic ideas of democracy and the possible consequences of disregarding local culture and society in attempts to establish democracy.
Mortimer, Robert A. Algeria: the clash between Islam, democracy and the military. Current History v92, n570 (Jan, 1993):37 (5 pages). Abstract: A military coup deposed Pres Chadli Bendjedid in Jan 1992 and drove the popular political party the Islamic Salvation Front underground. Bendjedid was trying to liberalize Algerian politics, but the nation has historically tended toward military rule.
Nasr, S.V.R. Islam and Democracy: Fear of the Modern World. (book reviews) Political Science Quarterly v108, n1 (Spring, 1993):205 (2 pages). Pub Type: Review.
Tetreault, Mary Ann. Islam and Democracy: Fear of the Modern World. (book reviews) Middle East Journal v48, n2 (Spring, 1994):357 (6 pages). Pub Type: Review.
Turkey's democratic secret. (Islam and democracy) Wilson Quarterly v18, n3 (Summer, 1994):151.
White, Jenny B. Islam and democracy: the Turkish experience. Current History v94, n588 (Jan, 1995):7 (6 pages). Abstract: Turkey is seen as the example as to how other Middle Eastern countries can maintain a secular democracy while allowing Islamic political representation. Turkey has a long history in secularist politics though, and Islamist politicians are not united behind a single ideology.
Wright, Robin. Two visions of reformation.(Islam and Liberal Democracy) Journal of Democracy v7, n2 (April, 1996):64 (12 pages). Abstract: The major strands of Islamic reformation are represented by two Middle Eastern thinkers. Abdul Karim Soroush, a Shi'ite Muslim from Iran, argues that true believers must be free in Islam and democracy bases itself on such freedom. Secularism with its focus on rationality is complementary to the tenets of Islam, as Islamic interpretation is never absolute. A Sunni Muslim from Tunisia, Rashid al-Ghannouchi, believes that Islamic democracy is born of scriptural interpretations and evolves through experience. He argues for an Islamic system with freedom, equality, and secular and moral ideals.
Zartman, I. William. Democracy and Islam: the cultural dialectic. (Political Islam) Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science v524 (Nov, 1992):181 (11 pages). Abstract: Current history is marked by the meeting of two powerful currents, democracy and political Islam. Islam itself is the subject of a cultural dialectic between a modern and an authentistic form, out of which a synthesis tends to arise, only to be attacked again by a new authentistic antithesis. Political Islam is the current antithesis, attacking the unpopular states for impiety and materialism. Democracy is also rising in popularity as a criterion of good government, with special meaning as the consummation of nationalism for new states recently free from colonial rule. The two currents are not necessarily incompatible, but they have different sources and will have a profound effect on each other whenever they meet.
Baranczak, Stanislaw. Islam and Democracy: Fear of the Modern World. (book reviews) New Republic v208, n9 (March 1, 1993):39 (3 pages). Pub Type: Review.
Islam and Democracy: Fear of the Modern World. (book reviews) Publishers Weekly v239, n47 (Oct 26, 1992):50. Pub Type: Review.
Islam's tide is just a ripple. (democracy in the Arab world) Economist v315, n7660 (June 23, 1990):36.
Kramer, Martin. Islam vs. democracy. (future of Islamic fundamentalism) Commentary v95, n1 (Jan, 1993):35 (8 pages). Abstract: The end of Islamic fundamentalism is not inevitable. However, the movement could see its demise by 2000 if it is not helped by a misguided retaliation of the Carter Administration's policy toward Iran.
Lewis, Bernard. Islam and liberal democracy. Atlantic v271, n2 (Feb, 1993):89 (9 pages). Abstract: The development of democracy in Islamic countries faces religious and legal obstacles, but the democratic ideal is growing in the Middle East. Establishment of fundamentalist regimes would damage prospects of democracy, but this outcome is not inevitable.
Porter, Venetia. Islam and Democracy: Fear of the Modern World. (book reviews) Times Literary Supplement, n4738 (Jan 21, 1994):21. Pub Type: Review.
Quandt, William B. Islam and Democracy: Fear of the Modern World. (book reviews) Foreign Affairs v72, n3 (Summer, 1993):208. Pub Type: Review.
Rodman, Peter W. Islam and democracy. (spread of Islamic fundamentalism as a substitute for pan-Arab movements) National Review v44, n9 (May 11, 1992):28 (2 pages). Abstract: The demise of international communism is somewhat countered by the growing influence of Islamic political forces in developing countries. These trends may reflect a continuing anti-western resentment which seeks to undermine US influence in foreign affairs. The required US response to this is examined.
Schwarz, Adam. Islam and democracy. (Indonesia) Far Eastern Economic Review v155, n11 (March 19, 1992):32. Abstract: The Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) Muslim organization led by Abdurrahman Wahid has been politically inactive for years, but still wields political clout in Indonesia. The Suharto administration wants the NU to remain away from politics as it believes Islam is not a positive influence for Indonesia's democratic government. Wahid believes otherwise, and politically struggles for the merger of Islam and democracy. Political analysts view Wahid as an emerging force who will influence Indonesia's political evolution. However, Wahid is deemed too radical by Indonesian Muslim standards.
The trickiest one of all. (democracy in Islamic countries) (A Survey of Islam) Economist v332, n7875 (August 6, 1994):I12 (3 pages). Abstract: The teachings of the Koran and their accepted interpretations are a major block to democracy in most Islamic countries. The select group of men that provides these interpretations is the equivalent of an oligarchy. Individuals should be allowed to judge the Koran.
Turabi, Hasan. Islam, democracy, the state and the West. (analysis of Islamic belief) Middle East Policy v1, n3 (Summer, 1992):49 (13 pages). Abstract: An analysis of the essence of Islamism reveals that it is not a revolutionary movement advocating the overthrow of all non-Islamic governments. Rather, Islam recognizes religious and political diversity and promotes peaceful coexistence between Islamic and non-Islamic states. Moreover, it advocates limited government intervention in economic and social matters. Islamic belief allows government intervention only in cases where a firm leadership is needed to guide the citizenry. Beyond exercising leadership in crises, Islamic belief relies on the moral and ethical disposition of its people.
Watering a fragile bloom. (the presence of democratic thought and practice in Islam) (Bite the Ballot: 2,500 Years of Democracy) New Statesman & Society v7, n300 (April 29, 1994):B28 (2 pages). Abstract: The rule of colonial powers in the Middle East, such as the UK and France following World War I, has been detrimental to fostering democratic principles that sustain Islamic social policy. As sovereign Arab nations emerge, they can begin to shape electoral and judicial processes.
Winkler, Karen J. Islam and democracy. Chronicle of Higher Education v41, n6 (Oct 5, 1994):A10 (2 pages). Abstract: Scholars continue to debate the compatibility of the concepts of Islam and democracy. Human rights as viewed by Western democracies do not allow Islamic tenets such as limiting women's participation in politics. The diversity among Islamic groups highlights a democratic potential, but authoritarian regimes have continued to stay in power in Arab countries.
Wright, Robin. Islam, democracy and the West. Foreign Affairs v71, n3 (Summer, 1992):131 (15 pages). Abstract: Islam is becoming a powerful political force in the Middle East, Africa, Asia, India and China. Socialism has been challenged by Islam in north Africa and Central Asia. Islam should not, however, be viewed as an ideological rival of Western nations. Western nations can avoid being viewed as anti-Islamic by encouraging democracy in Muslim-dominated countries and accepting the results of free elections. The West could also repress Islamic governments, but this could lead to terrorism.
© Copyright 1998, Regents of the University of California
To Moral Economy of Islam page.
