The Moral Economy of Islam: Bibliographies

Moral Economy of Islam: Institute of International Studies; University of California, Berkeley

The Moral Economy of Islam; Institute of International Studies, University of California, Berkeley: Bibliographies

Politics: Magazines

A bit less commanding. (Morocco) (International) Economist v315, n7654 (May 12, 1990):46.

A new Arab order. (nationalism vs. unity) (A Survey of the Middle East) Economist v320, n7726 (Sept 28, 1991):M4 (4 pages). Abstract: The Iraqi invasion of Kuwait was first presented by Iraqi officials as a brotherly unification of two Arab countries. The reaction of Kuwait and other Arab countries put an end to the idea of pan-Arab unity.

A talent for making enemies: Pakistan.(Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto) Economist v335, n7918 (June 10, 1995):35. Abstract: Battles over budgets, taxes, and religious fundamentalism have plagued Bhutto's government. Her moves again smuggling and political corruption have angered others. Expected budget cuts and higher taxes may cause an uprising and her government may be overthrown.

Abu-Rabi, Ibrahim M. Political Islam: Religion and Politics in the Arab World. (book reviews) Muslim World v82, n3-4 (July-Oct, 1992):315 (3 pages). Pub Type: Review.

After Assad: Syria. (Pres Hafez Assad) Economist v330, n7847 (Jan 22, 1994):44. Abstract: Syrian Pres Hafez Assad is only 65 but is in frail health, and is planning for his son Basil to succeed him. There is more likely to be a power struggle following Assad's demise, involving members of the armed forces representing different Muslim sects.

Ahmad, Eqbal. Nightmare victory? In a war with Iraq, "victory" carries the seeds of defeat. Mother Jones v16, n2 (March-April, 1991):4 (3 pages).

Ahmad, Feroz. Politics and Islam in modern Turkey. Middle Eastern Studies v27, n1 (Jan, 1991):3 (19 pages).

Aikman, David. Karl Marx makes room for Muhammad. (Islam in the Soviet Union) (Special Report: The Soviet Empire) Time v135, n11 (March 12, 1990):44 (2 pages).

Ajami, Fouad. Iran: the impossible revolution. (international relations) Foreign Affairs v67, n2 (Winter, 1988):135 (21 pages).

Ajami, Fouad. The battle of Algiers: a referendum on the postcolonial state. New Republic v203, n2-3 (July 9, 1990):12.

Ajami, Fouad. The end of Arab nationalism: a personal and political odyssey. (Cover Story) New Republic v205, n7 (August 12, 1991):23 (5 pages). Pub Type: Cover Story.

Akhavi, S. Islam and Human Rights: Tradition and Politics. (book reviews) CHOICE v29, n8 (April, 1992):1294. Pub Type: Review.

al Jarbawi, Ali. The position of Palestinian Islamists on the Palestine-Israel accord. (Special Issue: Palestine and the Arab-Israeli Conflict) Muslim World v84, n1-2 (Jan-April, 1994):127 (27 pages). Abstract: Palestinian Islamists have taken differing positions towards the 1994 Palestine-Israel accord. The Hamas movement has taken a pragmatic approach while it maintains its opposition to PLO leader Yasir Arafat. Hamas is striking a balance between religion and politics, hoping to acquire some official political power in the state of Palestine.

Al-Turabi, Hassan. The Islamic awakening's new wave. (The Case of Islamic Populism) New Perspectives Quarterly v10, n3 (Summer, 1993):42 (4 pages). Abstract: Hassan Al-Turabi, regarded as the 'spiritual leader' of Sudan's Islamic military government, analyzes the civilizational conflict between Islam and the West that is said to mark the end of the 20th century.

Algeria retreats. (military coup) (Editorial) Economist v322, n7742 (Jan 18, 1992):16 (2 pages). Pub Type: Editorial. Abstract: The first democratic election in Algeria came to a halt when the military staged a coup. Military leaders feared a victory by the fundamentalist Islamic Salvation Front.

Algeria votes for Islam. (elections) (Editorial) Economist v322, n7740 (Jan 4, 1992):10. Pub Type: Editorial. Abstract: The Islamic Salvation Front, a Islamic fundamentalist party, made huge gains in the recent elections in Algeria. The elections were fair, but the fundamentalist victory leads to worries that future elections will not be so democratic.

Algeria: coy clerics. (Islamic Salvation Front; election planning) Economist v321, n7737 (Dec 14, 1991):46 (2 pages). Abstract: New parliamentary elections in Algeria are forecast to return the FIS to power. Ironically, many of its leaders are jailed for inciting the riots which cancelled last June's elections. The ruling National Liberation Front has since fallen out of favor in recession-plagued Algeria.

Alrawi, Karim. Egypt's Rushdie. (novelist Alaa Hamid) New Statesman & Society v5, n187 (Jan 31, 1992):27. Abstract: Egyptian novelist Alaa Hamid was sentenced to eight years in prison for blasphemy in his novel, 'The Void in a Man's Mind.' A discussion is presented of the repression that is threatening freedom of expression and democracy in Egypt.

Amin, Hussein Ahmad. The present state of the Muslim umma. Muslim World v79, n3-4 (July-Oct, 1989):217 (15 pages).

Amuzegar, Jahangir. The truth and illusion of Islamic fundamentalism. SAIS Review v13, n2 (Summer-Fall, 1993):127 (13 pages). Abstract: Islamic fundamentalists, often viewed as a threat to democracy, have been successful in establishing democratic governments in countries such as Jordan, Algeria and Kuwait. The concept of democracy in Islam cannot be equated with that of the Western World. Western countries should first distinguish between 'religious and political Islam,' and should plan practical policies to fight the Islamization of political institutions.

An evangelist at home: Sudan. Economist v323, n7755 (April 18, 1992):41 (2 pages). Abstract: Sudan's National Islamic Front is rapidly gaining influence as leader Hassan Turabi works with General Omar Bashir, who seized power in a 1989 coup. They hope to spread the Islamic revolution to all of the surrounding African nations.

An Islamic awakening. (Survey of Indonesia) Economist v327, n7807 (April 17, 1993):I14 (2 pages). Abstract: Muslims in Indonesia are gaining more power. Since Suharto came to power, Christians have held most of the leadership places in Indonesia. The emerging Islamic leaders are moderate and tolerant, discouraging violent acts against Christians.

Apostolou, Andrew. Radical Islam: Medieval Theology and Modern Politics. (book reviews) Middle East, n209 (March, 1992):41. Pub Type: Review.

As Islam looms. (Algeria) Economist v317, n7679 (Nov 3, 1990):49 (2 pages).

Awanohara, Susumu; Ali, Salamat. Fear of Islam. (threat posed by a Muslim nations to US interests) Far Eastern Economic Review v155, n4 (Jan 30, 1992):20 (3 pages). Abstract: The dissolution of the Soviet Union and the outcome of the 1991 Persian Gulf War have changed the relationship between the US and the Islamic nations from Central Asia to North Africa. With the former Soviet Union no longer communist, pan-Islamists have begun to target the US as their principal enemy. US officials are however divided over the fundamentalist threat. Some see it as inevitable and containable while others say fundamentalism will never be compatible with western political values and should be opposed.

Aznam, Suhaini. Foes now friends; Razaleigh makes a pact with the Islamic Right. (Razaleigh Hamzah of Malaysia) Far Eastern Economic Review v144, n15 (April 13, 1989):11 (2 pages).

Aznam, Suhaini. Wooing the clergy. (Nahdlatul Ulama's endorsements in Indonesia's national elections) Far Eastern Economic Review v155, n5 (Feb 6, 1992):16 (2 pages). Abstract: Indonesia's major political parties are trying to win the support of Nahdlatul Ulama (NU), the country's largest Islamic organization. The politically influential NU stated that it will refrain from openly supporting any party in the Jun 1992 elections. However, an unofficial political endorsement by the NU is still a possibility.

Bennoune, Karima. Algerian Women Confront Fundamentalism. Monthly Review, 1994, 46, 4, Sept, 26-39. Abstract: Baased on research conducted 1992-1994, it is argued that the growing fundamentalist violence against women in Algeria is part of political repression, rather than cultural repression stemming from Islamism. The Islamic Salvation Front (FIS), attributes various social evils to women's behavior thus justifying sexual apartheid & the systematic harassment of women who do not conform to FIS standards. A strategy of international solidarity with Algerian women is advocated. D. Schwartz (Copyright 1995, Sociological Abstracts, Inc., all rights reserved.)

Berman, Paul. Shame: what the West learned about the East (and the West) in the Rushdie affair. New Republic v203, n15 (Oct 8, 1990):31 (9 pages). Pub Type: Biography.

Bernard. Metaphor and illusion; words of Islam. Encounter v70, n5 (May, 1988):34 (12 pages).

Bilski, Andrew. A win for democracy: Bhutto claims victory in national elections. (Benazir Bhutto, Pakistan elections 1988) Maclean's v101, n49 (Nov 28, 1988):26 (4 pages).

Bodine, J. Jermain. Islam: Politics and Religion in the Muslim World. (book reviews) Muslim World v80, n2 (April, 1990):155. Pub Type: Review.

Bronner, Ethan. Unveiled: Iran's Mullah's chill out. (political and social moderation) New Republic v206, n23 (June 8, 1992):17 (3 pages). Abstract: The social control of Islamic fundamentalists over such lifestyle issues as alcohol consumption and western dress is slowly eroding. For the first time in the 13-year history of the Islamic revolution, moderates control the Iranian parliament, and the US can now try to slowly repair relations with Iran.

Buckley, William F., Jr. On protecting the honor of the Koran. (Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini and Salman Rushdie) (column) National Review v41, n6 (April 7, 1989):62 (2 pages). Pub Type: Column.

Buzan, Barry. New patterns of global security in the twenty-first century. (after the Cold War, nations are now divided into the industrialized North and developing South) International Affairs v67, n3 (July, 1991):431 (21 pages).

Carter, Susan; Rossant, John; Comes, Frank J.; Templeman, John. Why the Ayatollah is whipping up a new wave of fanaticism. (Ayatollah Khomeini's death threat against Salman Rushdie, the government losing credibility at home) Business Week n3094 (March 6, 1989):47.

Chehabi, H.E. Religion and politics in Iran: how theocratic is the Islamic Republic? (Religion and Politics) Daedalus v120, n3 (Summer, 1991):69 (23 pages). Abstract: The establishment of a theocracy in Iran has been successful only in a superficial sense. An analysis of religion and politics in Iran is provided.

Choosing partners. (Central Asia) Economist v323, n7756 (April 25, 1992):34. Abstract: Central Asian nations are struggling to choose between a democratic/market economy path and a fundamental Islamic government to replace control from the Soviet Union. Most nations favor Turkey as a model over Iran, because Turkey can offer more economic aid.

Ciller's life-raft: Turkey. (following the collapse of a coalition government that included True Path Party leader Tansu Ciller the Islamic Welfare Party could rise to power in Turkey)(Brief Article) Economist v339, n7970 (June 15, 1996):49. Pub Type: Brief Article

Cockburn, Alexander. Gigadibs in Satan storm; standing room only as bandwagon rolls. (The Satanic Verses) (Beat the Devil) (column) Nation v248, n11 (March 20, 1989):366. Pub Type: Column.

Cockburn, Alexander. What is Islam? (Edward Said)(Interview) New Statesman & Society v8, n339 (Feb 10, 1995):20 (3 pages). Pub Type: Interview. Abstract: Islam is seen by some poorly informed foreign policy analysts as a unified civilization hostile to Western interests, but professor Edward Said notes that there is considerable conflict within the Islamic world. The agendas of the Muslim Brotherhood and other Islamic political groups are examined.

Cockburn, Leslie; Cockburn, Andrew. Royal Mess. (Committee for the Defense of Legitimate Rights criticizes government of King Saud in Saudi Arabia) New Yorker v70, n39 (Nov 28, 1994):54 (12 pages). Abstract: Muhammad al-Masari's Committee for the Defense of Legitimate Rights, though conservative in its adherence to Islam and views on women's rights, has risked all to demand accountability from the government. Topics discussed include human rights, US relations and the future of the house of King Saud.

Commins, David. Taqi al-Din al-Nabhani and the Islamic Liberation Party. Muslim World v81, n3-4 (July-Oct, 1991):194 (18 pages). Abstract: Taqi al-Din al-Nabhani founded the Islamic Liberation Party (ILP) in 1952 for the purpose of establishing a Muslim state. His ideological writings insisted that Islamic religion requires an Islamic state so that the divine law of shari'a can be implemented. His political project emphasized the struggle against imperialism and the purging of Western cultural influences from the Islamic world. The ILP was intended to play a vanguard role in the Islamic revolution, but its inflexible doctrines led to its political failure.

Crystal, Jill. Islam and Human Rights: Tradition and Politics. (book reviews) World Politics v46, n2 (Jan, 1994):262 (28 pages). Pub Type: Review.

Davis, Joseph E. The Islamization of the Sudan. America v159, n14 (Nov 12, 1988):371 (4 pages).

Davis, Joyce M. Hassan Al Turabi's Islamic dream for Sudan. (religious leader) Africa News v38, n2-3 (March 8, 1993):6. Abstract: Sudan's powerful religious leader Hassan Al Turabi is currently embarked on a mission to transform the country into the world's ideal Islamic state that will be free from corruption, starvation and financial dependence from foreign countries. Turabi is claimed to be the personbehind the Khartoum government of Gen Omar Hassan Amad El Bashir who toppled the former regime three years ago.

Deacon, James. The will to fight - and die: Hussein calls for a holy war. (Cover Story) Maclean's v104, n6 (Feb 11, 1991):39. Pub Type: Cover Story.

Desmond, Edward W. A revolution loses its zeal: faced with a population tired of hardship, Khomeini's successor signals his desire to soften some Islamic strictures and attract more foreign investment. (Ruhollah Khomeini's... Time v137, n18 (May 6, 1991):32 (2 pages).

Don't you call me a fundamentalist. (Rachid Gannouchi of Tunisia) Economist v309, n7571 (Oct 8, 1988):45.

Dorraj, Manochehr. The intellectual dilemmas of a Muslim modernist: politics and poetics of Iqbal. (Muhammad Iqbal) Muslim World v85, n3-4 (July-Oct, 1995):266 (14 pages). Pub Type: Biography. Abstract: An analysis of the poetry and politics of Muhammad Iqbal illuminates his dilemmas as a Muslim modernist amidst commitments to the spiritual heritage and reform needs of Islam. He used both politics and poetry as instruments for the realization of the supreme ideal of an authentic Islamic community. This ideal was the principal contributor to his later day political separatism in India. The pertinency of his political and religious concerns contribute to a lasting legacy despite the numerous inconsistencies in his ideas. The issues Iqbal dealt with in the conflict between Islam and modernism remain unresolved

Emerson, Steven. The other fundamentalists: a look inside the radical Islamist network.(in the U.S.)(Cover Story) New Republic v212, n24 (June 12, 1995):21 (7 pages). Pub Type: Cover Story. Abstract: While the vast majority of American Muslims are law-abiding, groups such as the Muslim Arab Youth Assoc, Hamas, the Islamic Assoc for Palestine, and the Islamic Concern Project use US religious rights to conceal fundraising used for terrorism, both at home and abroad.

Engineering the future. (high technology enthusiast Bucharuddin Jusuf Habibie) (Survey of Indonesia) Economist v327, n7807 (April 17, 1993):I12 (2 pages). Abstract: Habibie is Indonesia's leading advocate of high technology industry growth. He believes if Indonesia is to take its place in the world economy, it must invest in industries such as aircraft and ship building. He is also an advocate for the empowerment of Indonesia's Muslims.

Evans, Richard. Fundamentalists flood the world. (Islamic fundamentalism)(includes related article) Geographical Magazine v61, n3 (March, 1989):10 (5 pages).

Exciting times: Comoro Islands. Economist v323, n7755 (April 18, 1992):42. Abstract: The influence of Islam is growing on the Comoro Islands, a tiny three island republic on the Indian Ocean west of Madagascar. Attempts to produce a new constitution is proving difficult, as Islamic fundamentalists and differences between the individual islands are preventing an accord.

Farhang, Mansour. The limits of zeal: Khomeini and postwar Iran. Nation v247, n15 (Nov 21, 1988):522 (5 pages).

Farley, Jonathan. The Maghreb's Islamic challenge. (North Africa) World Today v47, n8-9 (August-Sept, 1991):148 (4 pages).

Faust, Kimberly; Gulick, John; Gadalia, Saad; Khattab, Hind. Young women members of the Islamic Revival Movement in Egypt. Muslim World v82, n1-2 (Jan-April, 1992):55 (11 pages). Abstract: A sample of 800 Egyptian female public school students of the age groups 12, 15 and 18 was surveyed to learn about the influence of the Islamic Revival Movement on young women. The name of the project was 'Life Courses of Female Youth in Cairo, Egypt.' Both Revival members and their parents were found to be more educated, to be against outside work for married women, and to be in favor of childbearing right after marriage. Without Revival influence, middle class girls would probably work after finishing school and have lower fertility.

Fear of fundies. (Islamic fundamentalism) Economist v322, n7746 (Feb 15, 1992):45 (2 pages). Abstract: Governments in Asia and the Middle East try to keep fundamentalist Moslem candidates out of the election process. Algeria cancelled the second part of its elections when it became obvious that the fundamentalists would win. Details of how several countries have handled this situation are given.

Fischer, Dean. Skirmishes under the veil: though life has returned to normal in the kingdom, the religious conservatives and the moderates are stepping up their battle over the country's direction. (Saudi Arabia) Time v137, n24 (June 17, 1991):39 (2 pages).

Fluehr-Lobban, Carolyn. Religion and National Integration in Africa: Islam, Christianity and Politics in the Sudan and Nigeria. (book reviews) Africa v63, n4 (Fall, 1993):611 (3 pages). Pub Type: Review.

Freij, Hanna Y.; Robinson, Leonard C Liberalization, the Islamists, and the stability of the Arab state: Jordan as a case study. Muslim World v86, n1 (Jan, 1996):1 (32 pages). Abstract: Islamists in Jordan have long taken a position between accommodation and opposition to King Hussein's regime. The Islamic Action Front knows two situations could detract from its strength. One would be the acceptance of the political settlement by Jordan's Palestinian population, the other growing support from the traditional or centrist sector. Centrists might appeal to tribal allegiances. While it is true tribalism has been on the decline in Jordan, it has not disappeared. Only time will tell whether other political developments in Jordan prove a counterweight to the Islamist faction

Freund, Charles Paul. Petracide. (Washington Diarist - crime in the capital city, etc.) (column) New Republic v200, n13 (March 27, 1989):43. Pub Type: Column.

From Nasser to Khomeini. (editorial) New Republic v199, n8 (August 22, 1988):5 (3 pages). Pub Type: Editorial.

Gellner, Ernest. From the ruins of the Great Contest: civil society, nationalism and Islam. (political divisions in Europe) (Special Survey: Frontiers of Europe) Times Literary Supplement n4641 (March 13, 1992):9 (2 pages).

Gerhart, Gail. Religion and National Integration in Africa: Islam, Christianity, and Politics in the Sudan and Nigeria. (book reviews) Foreign Affairs v72, n5 (Nov-Dec, 1993):184. Pub Type: Review.

Gerhart, Gail. The Heritage of Islam: Women, Religion, and Politics in West Africa. (book reviews) Foreign Affairs v74, n4 (July-August, 1995):158. Pub Type: Review.

Goytisolo, Juan. Out of stagnation: parallels between old Spain and Islam today. Times Literary Supplement n4844 (Feb 2, 1996):14 (3 pages). Abstract: Spanish bishop Juan de Segovia's radical proposal in the fifteenth century on the relationship between Islam and Christianity holds relevance for the contemporary world. He wanted to invite a Council of members from the two religions to prepare the base for future world peace. Those who foresee a new Cold War such as Samuel Huntington are predicting a conflict of civilizations in the twenty-first century as European political and cultural values are becoming unpopular with the Islamists. Religious wars of Europe can be stopped by following Segovia's proposal for tolerance.

Guess who will govern.(government elections in Turkey) Economist v338, n7947 (Jan 6, 1996):39 (2 pages). Abstract: The Dec 1995 general elections in Turkey failed to produced a clear-cut ruling political party winner. The pro-Islamic Welfare party held a narrow lead in the balloting despite widespread distaste for islamic fundamentalism. Secular parties have traditionally ruled the government

Gulalp, Haldun. The Crisis of Westernization in Turkey: Islamism versus Nationalism Innovation, 1995, 8, 2, June, 175-182. Abstract: It is argued that the rise in political power of Islamism in Turkey is a critique of modernism that has grown from frustration with the promises of Westernization. Political Islamism & the economic development of Turkey are traced from the Ottoman empire, to the Kemalist establishment of the nation-state, to transnationalist & market-oriented strategies in the 1980s & a decline of popular support. The Islamist critique of modernism, promoted by a new generation of students & intellectuals, coincides with postmodernists' critique of Western culture. However, instead of favoring multiculturalism or nihilism, Islamism offers a concrete faith in absolute truth.

Hajji Ozal. Economist v308, n7559 (July 16, 1988):46 (2 pages).

Hewitt, Ibrahim B. Islam slips into the Gulf. (2nd Opinion) (column) Times Educational Supplement n3872 (Sept 14, 1990):19. Pub Type: Column.

Hiro, Dilip. After the Algerian shock wave. (rise of anti-Arab and pro-Islamic sentiments in the Middle East) Middle East n209 (March, 1992):17 (2 pages). Abstract: The increasing pro-Islamic fundamentalist sentiments in the Middle East is an indication of growing political discontent among the Arab nations. Islamic fundamentalism is perceived as a preferable alternative to corrupt dictatorships or pro-Western democracies in the Middle East. The rise of fundamentalist Islam's political popularity can also be attributed to the decline of Arab nationalism, which suffered heavily from Saddam Hussein's defeat during the 1991 Persian Gulf war. Despite the Islamic fundamentalists' apparent victory at the polls held in Algeria and Jordan, they continue to view Egypt as a primary target for major changes.

Hiro, Dilip. Iran: the revolution stumbles. (Current Affairs) Middle East n225 (July-August, 1993):13 (3 pages). Abstract: An analysis of the election results in Iran is presented. Incumbent Iranian president Ali Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani was reelected during the Jun 11, 1993 polls. However, low voter turnout and a reduced share of votes indicate the declining popularity of the fundamentalist Islamic regime. Unless official corruption and econmic mismanagement are checked, Iran's system may face problems in the future.

Hitchens, Christopher. Minority report. (Pakistan politics) (column) Nation v247, n18 (Dec 12, 1988):640. Pub Type: Column.

Hollick, Julian Crandall. Ayodhya postcard: temple of doom. (India's religious strife; disputed mosque) New Republic v203, n23 (Dec 3, 1990):14 (2 pages).

Holy war: Pakistan. (government says it is preparing a crackdown on Islamic militant groups to put a halt to political violence) Economist v334, n7899 (Jan 28, 1995):37.

Howe, John. The crisis of Algerian nationalism and the rise of Islamic integralism. (Scanner) New Left Review n196 (Nov-Dec, 1992):85 (16 pages). Abstract: Algeria is presently facing a host of socio-political problems as a result of the rise of Islamic fundamentism. Efforts by the authorities to curb rising instanbility by such measures as the banning of the Front Islamique du Salut (FIS) have failed. This is due to inability of economic and political reforms to improve existing living standards. Analysts indicate that the current political standoff between the Algerain authorities, the FIS and other poitical parties is by no means a stable one.

Howell, Llewellyn D. Islam as a political force. (Column) USA Today (Magazine) v120, n2564 (May, 1992):67. Pub Type: Column. Abstract: Islam is as much an ideology as a religion and it may replace communism as an international force, especially in developing countries. Islamic politics and economics are a threat to human rights because they cannot tolerate diversity.

Hussain, Mushahid. Cold war against Islam. (West's negative attitude toward Islamic fundamentalism) (The 5th Column) (Column) Far Eastern Economic Review v155, n26 (July 2, 1992):22. Pub Type: Column. Abstract: The West has launched a 'Cold War' against the Muslim world in an effort to stem the divergent political views expressed by Islamic fundamentalists. With the demise of the communist threat, Islamic fundamentalism has emerged as the West's newest bogey. However, Islamic fundamentalism should not be seen as a threat but as a mere reassertion of international Islamic identity, sovereignty and a collective effort against an inequitable status quo.

Inshallah. (impact of religion) (A Survey of Turkey) Economist v321, n7737 (Dec 14, 1991):S14 (2 pages). Abstract: Islamic fundamentalism is not a powerful force in Turkey today. The urbanization of the country offsets the possible fundamentalism found in the rural areas. As long as the economy does not collapse, the balance of secular and religion should remain stable.

Into an ideological void. (Jordan's Islamic movement) Middle East n223 (May, 1993):7. Abstract: Jordanians are caught between selling out to the West and embracing the Islamic fundamentalism being espoused by the Muslim Brotherhood. Owing to the political skills of King Hussein, serious confrontation between political Islam and the state had largely been avoided. However, growing support for the Hamas movement in Israel's Occupied Territories has been furthering the cause of Islamic extremism.

Iran grew weary, but they still try. (religious violence in Cairo) Economist v308, n7565 (Aug 27, 1988):31 (2 pages).

Iran: 'Islam of the barefoot' on the rise. Newsweek v111, n22 (May 30, 1988):43.

Iraq doesn't have to be like this. (Baghdad in the 1970s and the 1980s) Economist v306, n7537 (Feb 13, 1988):39 (2 pages).

Islam and democratic politics in Central Asia. World Affairs v156, n4 (Spring, 1994):186 (13 pages). Abstract: Newly independent nations in Central Asia are attempting to form viable democratic governments but former-communist leaders are hindering the process by repressing Islamic-democratic organizations. The West is not opposing this repression because of fears of Islamic fundamentalism but it fails to recognize that Islam is not automatically anti-Western. By allowing the repression, Western nations are increasing the likelihood of combined democratic-Islamic organizations' failing while also increasing the chances of anti-Western Islamic fundamentalism developing.

Islam and liberal democracy. Atlantic v271, n2 (Feb, 1993):89 (9 pages). Abstract: The development of democracy in Islamic countries faces religious and legal obstacles, but the democratic ideal is growing in the Middle East. Establishment of fundamentalist regimes would damage prospects of democracy, but this outcome is not inevitable.

Islam and Politics. (book reviews) Economist v310, n7594 (March 18, 1989):95. Pub Type: Review.

Islam in Modern Turkey: Religion, Politics and Literature in a Secular State. (book reviews) Middle East, n207 (Jan, 1992):41. Pub Type: Review.

Islam on view in Algiers and Amman. (islamic fundamentalism in Algeria and Jordan) Economist v320, n7713 (June 29, 1991):36.

Islam wins: Tajikistan. (politics) Economist v325, n7783 (Oct 31, 1992):32 (2 pages). Abstract: Tajikistan is struggling to govern itself after breaking away from the ex-Soviet Union. The Islamic Renaissance Party is very powerful and determined to establish an Islamic state, which is causing ethnic Russians to flee and take almost all the nation's economic clout with them.

Islam's gains. (Algeria) (International) Economist v315, n7659 (June 16, 1990):45.

Islam's star: Sudan. Economist v322, n7744 (Feb 1, 1992):43. Abstract: The military junta running Sudan is now attempting to impose Islamic law there despite the fact that almost one-third of its people are not Muslims. The country's National Islamic Front is behind the move and is seeking support from other Muslim nations.

Islamists eclipsed. (Tunisia's political and economic prospects) Middle East n220 (Feb, 1993):27. Abstract: The threat posed by an Islamic fundamentalist party to the political stability of Tunisia has been temporarily kept under control due to the Tunisian government's harassment of the party. However, the country's economic problems continue to be the rallying cry of the opposition parties in Tunisia. Political stability in the country can be restored if democratisation plans are pushed through by the government and opposition parties present viable alternatives to the government's present economic and political agenda.

Ispahani, Mahnaz. Middling through: how moderate Muslims survive. New Republic v201, n1 (July 3, 1989):18 (3 pages).

Jenish, D'Arcy. Islam and the Gulf War: why many Moslems support Iraq. (Cover Story) Maclean's v104, n6 (Feb 11, 1991):34 (4 pages). Pub Type: Cover Story.

Kaplan, Robert D. Driven toward god: the eight-year war has transformed and enhanced the role of Islam, but Afghanistan is not another Iran. Atlantic v262, n3 (Sept, 1988):16 (4 pages).

Kaplan, Robert D. The Afghan ayatollah: America's future ally. New Republic v199, n21 (Nov 21, 1988):14 (2 pages). Pub Type: Biography.

Kaplan, Robert D. War after peace: the coming Mideast meltdown. New Republic v214, n18 (April 29, 1996):22 (2 pages). Abstract: Not even the fondest hopes for economic growth following an Israel-Syria peace will prevent massive political and social upheavals in the region. Unstable, colonialist creations like Iraq, Sudan, and Turkey could implode, and Egyptian instability is mounting. Israel could emerge as a mercantilist mediator.

Kechichian, Joseph A. Islam, Politics, and Social Movements. (book reviews) Muslim World v80, n1 (Jan, 1990):54 (2 pages). Pub Type: Review.

Khanum, Saeeda. War talk; what do British Muslims think about the conflict in the Gulf? (Persian Gulf) New Statesman & Society v3, n136 (Feb 1, 1991):12 (2 pages).

Khomeini snubs Qur'an. Christianity Today v32, n3 (Feb 19, 1988):56. Pub Type: Biography.

Kondracke, Morton. Peace later? Postwar planning in the Mideast. New Republic v204, n5 (Feb 4, 1991):12 (3 pages).

Kondracke, Morton. Sand in our face: a report from the Gulf. (Saudi Arabia's stakes and risks in war) New Republic v204, n4 (Jan 28, 1991):11 (3 pages).

Kreutz, Andrej. State Politics and Islam. (book reviews) Muslim World v80, n3-4 (July-Oct, 1990):283 (2 pages). Pub Type: Review.

Landes, David S. Islam dunk: the wars of Muslim resentment. New Republic v204, n14 (April 8, 1991):15 (4 pages).

Letter from Somalia. (local politics in Lukh Ganana, Somalia) New Statesman & Society v7, n314 (August 5, 1994):11. Abstract: The residents of Lukh Ganana tolerate a self-appointed Islamic administration because it has made the town peaceful and prosperous. The Islamic government may have to allow some democratization in order to maintain aid from the European Union.

Lewis, Bernard. The roots of Muslim rage: why so many Muslims deeply resent the West, and why their bitterness will not be easily mollified. (Cover Story) Atlantic v266, n3 (Sept, 1990):47 (11 pages). Pub Type: Cover Story.

Lief, Louise. Battling for the Arab mind; defeating Iraq would not end the attacks on America's friends by democracy-minded activists and Islamic fundamentalists. (Showdown in the Gulf) (Cover Story) U.S. News & World Report v110, n2 (Jan 21, 1991):22 (7 pages). Pub Type: Cover Story.

Lief, Louise. Is Iran finally mellowing? Yes, but Tehran's new mood doesn't extend to the Great Satan. (After the War) U.S. News & World Report v110, n14 (April 15, 1991):34 (2 pages).

Living with Islam. (growth of Islamic fundamentalism) (Editorial) (Cover Story) Economist v323, n7753 (April 4, 1992):11 (2 pages). Pub Type: Cover Story. Abstract: Westerners and less strict adherents to Islam fear the rise of Islamic fundamentalism in countries in the Middle East, Central Asia and North Africa. While the threat of violence against non-Muslims is real, a jihad, or holy war is unlikely.

Luxner, Larry. Islamic resurgence in Albania. (Mosaic) Middle East n218 (Dec, 1992):46 (2 pages). Abstract: Albanian Muslims have re-affirmed their existence in the newly democratic country. Persecuted since 1945, they were never given the chance to practice their religion publicly. In 1967, atheism became mandatory in Albania and 2,169 mosques, churches and monasteries were closed. Eventually, the use of Muslim names was also prohibited. With the liberalization of Albania in 1991, the citizens once again regained their freedom to choose religious affiliations. The Muslims are again free to worship.

Mallat, Chibli. Watering a fragile bloom. (the presence of democratic thought and practice in Islam) (Bite the Ballot: 2,500 Years of Democracy) New Statesman & Society v7, n300 (April 29, 1994):B28 (2 pages). Abstract: The rule of colonial powers in the Middle East, such as the UK and France following World War I, has been detrimental to fostering democratic principles that sustain Islamic social policy. As sovereign Arab nations emerge, they can begin to shape electoral and judicial processes.

Mango, Andrew. Islam in Modern Turkey: Religion, Politics and Literature in a Secular State. (book reviews) World Today v50, n3 (March, 1994): 60 (2 pages). Pub Type: Review.

Marlowe, Lara. Faith's fearsome sword. (Algeria) Time v143, n6 (Feb 7, 1994):48 (2 pages). Abstract: Islamic fundamentalist terrorists have been turning Algeria into a war zone since the military cancelled elections that would have created a Muslim state in 1992. Alien residents are especially endangered as the Muslims are marking all foreigners for death.

Mattoon, Scott. Egypt: Islam by profession. (Current Affairs) Middle East n218 (Dec, 1992):16 (3 pages). Abstract: Egyptian fundamentalists retain considerable influence in their country's politics. Although they are not allowed to form political parties, the Muslim Brotherhood, the organization which represents them, has gained access to the political mainstream through the Egyptian Lawyer's Syndicate. At present, the Islamists comprise the nation's biggest opposition group.

McBeth, John. Ghosts of the past; is the army chasing communists or shadows? (Indonesia) Far Eastern Economic Review v159, n7 (Feb 15, 1996):23. Abstract: The Indonesian military routinely labels as leftist or communist any person or group it sees as a threat to social and political stability, but most of the current threats come from right-wing Islamic extremists. Many experts doubt even those could be a threat because they are so splintered, but others acknowledge the rise of religious sentiment in the countryside and say it is poorly channeled, creating opportunities for organized unrest. One persistent military concern is the resurgence of Negara Islam Indonesia

Monshipouri, Mahmood. Islam and Human Rights: Tradition and Politics. (book reviews) Muslim World v83, n1 (Jan, 1993):85 (3 pages). Pub Type: Review.

Mosque as carapace: Iran. Economist v322, n7748 (Feb 29, 1992):44. Abstract: Iran is forging links with the Islamic dominated former Soviet republics. Opposing these links is a joint effort of Turkey and the US.

Mousavizadeh, Nader. Bosnians.(rebuilding Bosnian nationalism)(Washington Diarist)(Column) New Republic v214, n26 (June 24, 1996):50. Pub Type: Column. Abstract: Serbian aggression will truly have triumphed if the Bosnian entity created by the Dayton accords degenerates into a sectarian Muslim enclave. Pre-war Bosnia-Herzegovina's singularity was its identity as a multicultural, secular and tolerant state. The war-ravaged region struggles to survive

Nearer, my God to theocracy: Pakistan. Economist v324, n7775 (Sept 5, 1992):38 (2 pages). Abstract: A movement to make Islamic law the supreme law of the land in Pakistan is gaining momentum, even though former prime minister Benazir Bhutto has attracted a lot of support speaking against it. Islamic law supporters are attempting to amend Pakistan's constitution.

Nelan, Bruce W. The dark side of Islam. (terrorism) (Cover Story) Time v142, n14 (Oct 4, 1993):62 (3 pages). Pub Type: Cover Story. Abstract: Islam does not recognize any distinction between church and state, so zealots believe they have justification to use violence to promote fundamentalism anywhere in the world. Most terrorists come from a hopeless background and feel that secular government has failed them.

Next in line? Malaysia. (Finance Minister Anwar Ibrahim seeks succession to the presidency) Economist v328, n7826 (August 28, 1993):34. Abstract: Malaysian finance minister Anwar declared himself a candidate to replace deputy president Abdul Ghafar Baba, and thus be in line to succeed current president Mahathir Mohamad. Anwar, a former Islamic revivalist, has garnered support from big-money interests.

Next, Islamic flight manuals. (Pakistani politics) Economist v308, n7557 (July 2, 1988):30.

One too many: Iran. Economist v327, n7809 (May 1, 1993):41 (2 pages). Abstract: Iranian Pres Ali Akbar Rafsanjani is struggling to deal with a failing economy and opposition from radical Islamic fundamentalists. Democracy is virtually non-existent, and Rafsanjani is not trusted because of what is seen as his moderate tendencies.

Pasha, Syed H. Towards a cultural theory of political ideology and mass media in the Muslim world. (Islam and Communication) Media, Culture & Society v15, n1 (Jan, 1993):61 (19 pages). Abstract: The Qur'an and Hadith can be used to create a cultural theory to explain Islamic mass media and politics. The fundamental concept of political ideology is 'The People' and their rights. Mass media fulfill the universal human needs for information, socialization and entertainment. The Muslim world is out of step with media potentials and needs to use cultural theory to advance in its use of media.

Peretz, Martin. The pan-Arab fantasy: the man who would be Nasser. (Saddam Hussein) New Republic v203, n10 (Sept 3, 1990):15 (5 pages). Pub Type: Biography.

Perinbam, B.M. The Heritage of Islam: Women, Religion, and Politics in West Africa. (book reviews) CHOICE v31, n7 (March, 1994):1189. Pub Type: Review.

Pfaff, William. Islam and the west. (Reflections) New Yorker v66, n50 (Jan 28, 1991):83 (6 pages).

Pipes, Daniel. Islam's intramural struggle. National Interest n35 (Spring, 1994):84 (3 pages). Abstract: The conflict between secularist and fundamentalist Muslims is exemplified by the increasingly antagonistic relations between fundamentalist Iran and secular Turkey. The Islamic Republic of Iran has successfully silenced dissension among its citizenry, while Turkey's Kemalist doctrine of laicism has been continuously supported by the Turkish population for more than four decades. Iran's terrorist activities pose a formidable threat to Turkey's security as Turkey's secularist society threatens to undermine fundametalism in Iran.

Piscatori, James. The Rushdie affair and the politics of ambiguity. (Salman Rushdie) International Affairs v66, n4 (Oct, 1990):767 (23 pages).

Pittaway, James. A benign brotherhood? (Muslim Brotherhood, Egypt) Atlantic v263, n1 (Jan, 1989):25 (5 pages).

Porteous, Tom. The Islamisation of modernity. Middle East n220 (Feb, 1993):19 (4 pages). Abstract: Islamic opposition parties are being harassed and banned by the governments of the Arab countries in the Maghreb region in North Africa. However, these parties are still the most effective voices of the opposition in their respective countries. These Islamic fundamentalist groups show strong faith in their ability to weather every setback that come their way. Already, the popularity of these groups are the reasons why they are being harassed by their governments.

Pryce-Jones, David. The conquering hero: the Arab respect for power. (Persian Gulf crisis) New Republic v203, n13 (Sept 24, 1990):18 (3 pages).

Purse-strings and prayer. (Islam divided) Economist v316, n7673 (Sept 22, 1990):47 (2 pages).

Quandt, William B. The Politics of Pan-Islam: Ideology and Organization, Revised and Updated. (book reviews) Foreign Affairs v74, n3 (May-June, 1995):187. Pub Type: Review.

Quinn-Judge, Sophie. Mufti mutiny. (Soviet Central Asia's spiritual leader Muhammed-Yusuf Muhammed Sadik's leadership is challenged) Far Eastern Economic Review v153, n30 (July 25, 1991):30.

Quinn-Judge, Sophie. Power of Islam. (the influence of Islam in the politics of Tajikistan) Far Eastern Economic Review v154, n42 (Oct 17, 1991):29.

Rafi, Shazia. Benazir Bhutto: her rise, fall - and rise? (former Pakistani prime minister) Ms. Magazine v1, n3 (Nov-Dec, 1990):16 (5 pages). Pub Type: Biography.

Rashid, Ahmed. Foiled again: Taliban's advance sets back UN peace. (Afghanistan) Far Eastern Economic Review v158, n9 (March 2, 1995):20. Abstract: The advance of the Islamic student movement Taliban on the Afghan capital Kabul has ended hopes for an incipient United Nations-brokered peace. Demanding new negotiations that include the Taliban, President Burhanuddin Rabbani has reneged on his promise to step down on Feb 19, 1995, and allow the UN to hold elections. Rabbani's rival Gulbuddin Hekmatyar has avoided conflict with Taliban, which like himself is backed by ethnic Pashtuns, but Rabbani's hardened troops may soon be fighting with them.

Rashid, Ahmed. March of the militants. (Islamic fundamentalism)(Cover Story) Far Eastern Economic Review v158, n10 (March 9, 1995):18 (3 pages). Pub Type: Cover Story. Abstract: Islamic fundamentalists are raising the fears of govts throughout Asia and in Europe and the US, but especially in Pakistan. Recent events include apparent links between groups in different countries, conflict between Sunni and Shia Muslim groups, the arrest of a terrorist now on trial in NYC, and Christians tried, convicted, and sentenced to death for religious violations. In Pakistan, upset with the govt is fueling fundamentalist anger and the rise of a potent Taliban movement.

Reed, Fred. A nation in turmoil: Iranians try to redefine their revolution. Maclean's v102, n3 (Jan 16, 1989):23 (3 pages).

Reed, Stanley; Gauch, Sarah. Could Egypt be the next Iran? Business Week n3327 (July 12, 1993):48 (3 pages). Abstract: Militant Islamic groups in Egypt are threatening the economic reforms of Pres Hosni Mubarak. The Egyptian government has responded to the use of violence by militants with violence, threatening the US' ability to maintain stability in Egypt.

Religious modernism in the Arab world, India and Iran: the perils and prospects of a discourse. Muslim World v83, n1 (Jan, 1993):20 (28 pages). Abstract: Islamic modernism has been ineffectual in countering fundamentalism because it is based on inimical Western ideology. Muhammad Abduh's movement in Egypt and the Arab world, Sayyid Ahmad Khan and the Aligarh movement in India and Shii modernism in Iraq, Iran and Lebanon have all attempted to integrate the basic principles of Islam with modernization. The rootless nature of Islamic modernism, its tendency to become politicized and provoke revivalist reactions have been the reasons for its failure. Modernism has given a language of discourse to revivalism even while seeking to counter it.

Revel, Jean-Francois. Islam & secularity: the Turkish model. Encounter v71, n3 (Sept-Oct, 1988):37 (3 pages).

Revenge of the Kurds. (Notebook - Iraq and other Arab countries ruled by Sunni Moslem minority) (editorial) New Republic v204, n7 (Feb 18, 1991):8. Pub Type: Editorial.

Rouleau, Eric. Turkey: beyond Ataturk. (Mustafa Kemal Ataturk) Foreign Policy n103 (Summer, 1996):70 (18 pages). Abstract: Turkey's war against the Kurdish nationalist movement has continued largely unabated since it was begun in 1984, and the end is not is sight. It is interfering with Turkey becoming a more important player in international affairs, especially as a key ally of the US in the Middle East and Arab world. It has also led to a resurgence of Islam as a social and political force in the country. Turkey needs to solve its Kurdish dilemma to place itself in the modern community of nations

Sali, Salamat. Back in the saddle. (Islamic Democratic Alliance's landslide victory in Pakistan's general elections) Far Eastern Economic Review v150, n45 (Nov 8, 1990):10 (2 pages).

Schwarz, Adam. An act of faith. (launching of The Association of Moslem Intellectuals) Far Eastern Economic Review v151, n11 (March 14, 1991):20 (2 pages).

Schwarz, Adam. Charismatic enigma. (Indonesian Muslim leader, Abdur-Rahman Wahid) Far Eastern Economic Review v155, n45 (Nov 12, 1992):34 (3 pages). Abstract: Abdur-Rahman Wahid is leading an intellectual movement to maintain democracy in Indonesia and control the rise of a purely Islamic nation. Wahid is the leader of the Nahdlatul Ulama (NU), the biggest Muslim organization in Indonesia. Though Wahid is pro-democracy, he has been dubbed a Zionist, Christian and traitor for his efforts in promoting non-Islamic culture and politics.

Schwarz, Adam. Islam and democracy. (Indonesia) Far Eastern Economic Review v155, n11 (March 19, 1992):32. Abstract: The Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) Muslim organization led by Abdurrahman Wahid has been politically inactive for years, but still wields political clout in Indonesia. The Suharto administration wants the NU to remain away from politics as it believes Islam is not a positive influence for Indonesia's democratic government. Wahid believes otherwise, and politically struggles for the merger of Islam and democracy. Political analysts view Wahid as an emerging force who will influence Indonesia's political evolution. However, Wahid is deemed too radical by Indonesian Muslim standards.

Sharif's sharia; Pakistan. (Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif announces islamic law for the country) Economist v319, n7703 (April 20, 1991):33.

Shermatova, Sanobar. Union of Muslims ready to the campaign. (Russia) Moscow News n33-36 (Sept 15, 1995):3. Abstract: The heads of the Supreme Coordinating Center of the Religious Departments of Russia and the Religious Board of the Muslims of the Central European Region of Russia have decided not to participate in the elections. Patriarch Aleksy II is against the creation of a Muslim party and its participation in the coming Duma elections. The Congress of the Union of Muslims of Russia decided to elect a new leadership and approved a new charter and program and the list of candidates for the State Duma.

Shirley, Edward G. Not fanatics, and not friends. (post-revolutionary Iran) Atlantic Monthly v272, n6 (Dec, 1993):104 (8 pages). Abstract: Need for foreign investment and anti-clericalism are two factors that incline Iranians to favor reestablishing diplomatic ties with the US. The US should adopt a hard-line policy toward Iran that demands an end to its support of terrorism but allows the flow of Western information and culture.

Smolowe, Jill. Sheik Omar speaks out. (Omar Abdel Rahman) (Interview) (Cover Story) Time v141, n11 (March 15, 1993):32 (2 pages). Pub Type: Cover Story. Abstract: Sheik Omar believes he is being persecuted by the US government, which has sought to deport him as an illegal alien. Sheik Omar admits that he seeks the overthrow of many Arab governments, including that of his native Egypt.

Soldiers of vision: Afghanistan. Economist v322, n7744 (Feb 1, 1992):40. Abstract: Hopes that the United Nation peace plan for Afghanistan might be adopted were raised by Pakistan's endorsement of the proposal. The UN hopes it can convene a summit in Geneva of all the Afghan parties involved. Radical Islamic groups are still opposed to the plan.

Starkey, Brigid A. Foreign policy in the Muslim world: a dialogue between state and society. Political Communication v9, n1 (Jan-March, 1992):31 (15 pages). Abstract: Militant Islam is increasingly becoming a form of radical diplomacy and not as a means of fostering nationalism alone. The Islamic resurgence of the 1980s resulted in the alteration of the traditional political order in Muslim countries. Due to its ability to effect change, militant Islam was seen as a threat to the existing world order. On the contrary, it has contributed to the formulation of a more pragmatic foreign policy, one attuned to the dictates of global economic and political realities.

Steam from the mosque: Islamic militancy cannot be extinguished as Algeria an d Egypt are trying to do. (Editorial) Economist v329, n7836 (Nov 6, 1993):15 (2 pages). Pub Type: Editorial. Abstract: Direct repression of fundamentalism has led to thousands of arrests and deaths in Algeria, and Egypt is suffering the same violent backlash. Jordan, meanwhile is having a relatively free multiparty election Nov 8, 1993 which includes Islamic parties.

Stepping back into the world: Iran. Economist v321, n7733 (Nov 16, 1991):51 (2 pages). Abstract: Iran has made many overtures to better its relations with Western countries. It aided Western forces in the Persian Gulf War and is helping to get the hostages in Lebanon released. Iran is still opposed to peaceful coexistence with Israel.

Teimourian, Hazhir. Iran's 15 years of Islam. World Today v50, n4 (April, 1994): 67 (4 pages). Abstract: Iran's 15 years under Islam have done little for the country's economic or social well-being. Iran is much poorer than during the Shah's regime. The monthly income of the average worker is far below the poverty level and the fall in revenues from oil-sales have vastly increased the country's total debt. Social freedoms are much more restricted than was the case under the Shah. In the Iranian theocracy, any criticism of Islam can lead to a death sentence for blasphemy. Iran's intransigent foreign policy has even isolated the country from the Arab world.

The battle for Uzbekistan. Economist v323, n7753 (April 4, 1992):48 (2 pages). Abstract: The Islamic influence of Iran may find its way into the volatile Central Asian country of Uzbekistan. Many Uzbeks have cultural ties to Iran, and the Islamic Renaissance Party is trying to win control of mosques in Uzbekistan.

The bishop and the imam ask, do we really have to fight? (Islam and the West) Economist v317, n7686 (Dec 22, 1990):18 (3 pages).

The fundamental fear. (possibility of war between Islam and West) (Editorial) (Cover Story) Economist v332, n7875 (August 6, 1994):15 (2 pages). Pub Type: Editorial; Cover Story. Abstract: Strained relations between the West and nations or groups that practice Islam may not last as long as they have in previous conflicts because of changes in international relationships. Common interests and potential conflicts that could affect both groups should lead to cooperation.

The insurgency that will not stop: Egypt. Economist v327, n7811 (May 15, 1993):44. Abstract: Dissatisfaction with the stagnant political and social fabric in Egypt is destabilizing the nation's political structure. Pres Husni Mubarak is trying to maintain order without exerting too much authority, but Islamic extremists are getting increasingly volatile.

The lady tops the men. (Pakistan's Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto; includes related article on voting in Punjab province) Economist v309, n7577 (Nov 19, 1988):35 (2 pages).

The Muslim who shapes the state: Sudan.(Hassan Turabi, leader of the National Islamic Front, controls the Sudanese government) Economist v335, n7912 (April 29, 1995):51 (2 pages).

The new style: Afghanistan. (Islamic government) Economist v323, n7758 (May 9, 1992):35 (3 pages). Abstract: Control over Afghanistan's government is being fought over by different Islamic factions. The current head of state, Sibghatullah Mujaddidi, is supposed to hand over power to an interim government that would hold elections, but now he wants to wait two years.

The next Islamic revolution: south central Asia. Economist v320, n7725 (Sept 21, 1991):58 (3 pages). Abstract: The south central Asian republics of the Soviet Union may take advantage of the collapse of communism by creating new Islamic states, led by the burgeoning Islamic Renaissance Party. The growing role of Islam in the Soviet Union is examined.

The state of Islam: Southeast Asia's social contract. Far Eastern Economic Review v158, n41 (Oct 12, 1995):7. Abstract: Southeast Asia's Muslim nations have proven that economic growth can cohabit with religious faith, but they must also understand that governmental structure is as important as individual virtue in reducing corruption. Those nations that reduce the temptations to those in political power, those that reward virtue while allowing for individual failings, will ultimately do best. Critics in Europe and elsewhere should recognize the dangers a Western philosophy of self-fulfillment can pose, as well as those of theocracy

The subtler way: Jordan. (islam and politics) Economist v327, n7805 (April 3, 1993):43. Abstract: The election of 22 members of the conservative Muslim Brotherhood to Jordan's parliament seems to have curbed political violence in that country. The failure of their attempt to legislate gender segregation in schools shows that there is little public support for their views.

Toolan, David S. Hating America. (Islamic world vs. U.S.) (editorial) America v163, n10 (Oct 13, 1990):236. Pub Type: Editorial.

Tribes with flags: a survey of the Arab East. Economist v306, n7536 (Feb 6, 1988):S1 (15 pages).

Tripp, Charles. Mammon and Muhammad's will. (recommended books that help explain the background to the Gulf conflict) Times Educational Supplement n3892 (Feb 1, 1991):28.

Trouble at the mosque; the Gulf war reveals the growing determination of Britain's Muslims to find a political voice. Economist v318, n7691 (Jan 26, 1991):51 (2 pages).

Turn of the screw: Algeria. Economist v322, n7745 (Feb 8, 1992):38 (2 pages). Abstract: Algeria has plunged into political turmoil since elections were cancelled that might have brought the nation's Islamic Salvation Front into power. Time might be running out as the government struggles to improve living conditions before disgruntled Islamics seize power.

Unshifting sands. (lack of huge Arab world protests against the U.S. and the war) (editorial) New Republic v204, n9 (March 4, 1991):7 (2 pages). Pub Type: Editorial.

Valley of trouble: Central Asia. Economist v324, n7774 (August 29, 1992):30 (2 pages). Abstract: Muslims in the former Soviet central Asian republics are challenging the ruling governments there, claiming they are being run by ex-Communist Party members. The republics have having difficulty making the transition to a market economy, and the Muslims are taking advantage of the growing dissatisfaction.

Vatikiotis, Michael. Muffling the monitor: newspaper banned after stirring religious tension. (the banning of the popular Indonesian tabloid, "Monitor")(Regional Affairs) Far Eastern Economic Review v150, n46 (Nov 15, 1990):23 (2 pages).

Vatikiotis, Michael. Preferred candidate: Muslim party tackles the leadership issue. (Indonesia) Far Eastern Economic Review v145, n35 (August 31, 1989):10.

Vatikiotis, Michael. Radical chic: Islamic fringe groups gain influence among the elite. (Malaysia) Far Eastern Economic Review v157, n21 (May 26, 1994):33 (2 pages). Abstract: Groups of Islamic extremists are gaining political power in Malaysia. One influence they have is on the strongest opposition party, Pas, which is Islamic. The government is concerned about the effect of fundamentalist extremists on upcoming elections, and also the growing appeal of such fringe groups to elites such as the urban middle class. Another group taking interest in the fringe groups is students.

Vatikiotis, P.J. Islam on the move? (Islam and world politics) Encounter v73, n4 (Nov, 1989):46 (8 pages).

Villalon, Leonardo A. Charisma and ethnicity in political context: a case study in the establishment of a Senegalese religious clientele. Africa v63, n1 (Wntr, 1993):80 (22 pages). Abstract: The marabout Sufi movement in Fatick, Senegal illustrates the dominance of sociopolitical needs over personal charisma for the success of a religion such as Islam. The general population of the area has shifted their religious affiliation to a Serer marabout, a charismatic leader. This shift corresponds to a social demand, since over 58% of the population is ethnically Serer. This further indicates that the charismatic marabout Sufi movement in Islam is now the institutionalized method of social change.

Vox populi, vox Ayatollah. (voting in Iran) Economist v306, n7542 (March 19, 1988):42 (2 pages).

Waning; Islam in Jordan. (defeat of Saddam Hussein casts a shadow) Economist v319, n7702 (April 13, 1991):41.

Warning shots: Egypt. (Islam zealots) Economist v325, n7783 (Oct 31, 1992):42. Abstract: Islamic activists are vexing Egyptian authorities, who are using a combination of appeasement and authority to keep them under control. Pres Mubarak's National Democratic Party will face ample opposition from Islamic fundamentalists in the Nov 3 election.

What Green Peril? (fear of Islam) Foreign Affairs v72, n2 (Spring, 1993):27 (16 pages). Abstract: Domestic and foreign leaders erroneously believe that the US is threatened by radical Islam in the post-Cold War environment. The US can harm the long-term interests of both the Middle East and itself if it bases its foreign policy on this belief. Pres Bill Clinton should realize that Islam is not unified and that it is more of a religion than a strong political force. The US, which has supported the Muslim fundamentalist state of Saudi Arabia, should develop strong relations with Islamic governments and refuse to support autocratic rule in the Middle East.

When ballots bow toward Mecca. (Algerian elections) (Currents) U.S. News & World Report v108, n25 (June 25, 1990):17 (2 pages).

Williams, John Alden. America and the Muslim world. (editorial) America v163, n20 (Dec 22, 1990):499 (2 pages). Pub Type: Editorial.

Williams, John Alden. The revival of Islam in the modern world. America v163, n10 (Oct 13, 1990):237 (4 pages).

Winkler, Karen J. Islam and democracy. Chronicle of Higher Education v41, n6 (Oct 5, 1994):A10 (2 pages). Abstract: Scholars continue to debate the compatibility of the concepts of Islam and democracy. Human rights as viewed by Western democracies do not allow Islamic tenets such as limiting women's participation in politics. The diversity among Islamic groups highlights a democratic potential, but authoritarian regimes have continued to stay in power in Arab countries.

With gun and Koran: Afghanistan. (Islamic gunmen take control of Kandahar in southern Afghanistan) Economist v334, n7900 (Feb 4, 1995):30 (2 pages).

With him, chaos. (Tajikistan) Economist v323, n7758 (May 9, 1992):36. Abstract: Pres Rakhmon Nabiev of Tajikistan is faced with a growing Islamic insurgency that threatens the political ability of the new state. Observers say Tajikistan is different than its newly independent Central Asian neighbors, but their are fears the turmoil could spread.

Wright, Robin. Dateline Tehran: a revolution implodes. (Islamic politics in Iran) Foreign Policy n103 (Summer, 1996):161 (14 pages). Abstract: The 1979 Islamic revolution which ousted the Shah and fundamentally altered Middle Eastern politics is veering towards collapse. Its economy is in significant decline as its petroleum industry income is just 33% of its 1979 level. At least 40% of its people live in poverty and public disillusionment is growing, even among some Islamic clerics who think it is time to get out of the government. What lies ahead for Iran and what US policy options are for Iran is examined

Zagoria, Donald. Islam and Politics in Central Asia. (book reviews) Foreign Affairs v74, n4 (July-August, 1995):156 (2 pages). Pub Type: Review.

Zebiri, Kate. Islamic revival in Algeria: an overview. Muslim World v83, n3-4 (July-Oct, 1993):203 (24 pages). Abstract: Turmoil in Algeria is encouraging the spread of an international form of Islamism that threatens to polarize rather than unite a divided society. The Islamic Salvation Front emerged from the Oct 1988 street demonstrations with the largest constituency, later establishing itself with an overwhelming victory in the Dec 1991 elections, but it has not been able to control or shape the discourse of the sahwa, or awakening. Indices of heightened Islamic activity and the various vehicles and sources of the sahwa are examined.

Zurcher, Eric J. The Politics of Pan-Islam: Ideology and Organization. (book reviews) Middle Eastern Studies v27, n4 (Oct, 1991):699 (2 pages). Pub Type: Review.

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