The Moral Economy of Islam: Bibliographies

Moral Economy of Islam: Institute of International Studies; University of California, Berkeley

The Moral Economy of Islam; Institute of International Studies, University of California, Berkeley: Bibliographies

State: Magazines

A fundamental shift? (unnatural coalition tries to stop Islamic fundamentalist party Refah)(A Survey of Turkey) Economist v339, n7969 (June 8, 1996):S5 (4 pages). Abstract: Turkey's True Path and Motherland parties formed a coalition between enemies to prevent control by the Islamist Refah Party, which had won the most votes, and agreed to share the prime minister job between Tansu Ciller and Mesut Yilmaz. Charges against each party by Refah threaten the coalition.

A tank, a tank, my kingdom for a tank. (Afghanistan civil war) Economist v330, n7852 (Feb 26, 1994):38. Abstract: Rival Islamic and ethnic groups have engulfed Afghanistan in civil war for two years, killing over 10,000 persons. The nation has effectively ceased to exist, leaving its neighbors and the international community powerless to restore order.

Ahmad, Feroz. Arab nationalism, radicalism, and the specter of neocolonialism. Monthly Review v42, n9 (Feb, 1991):30 (8 pages).

Ahmed, Akbar S. State Politics and Islam. (book reviews) Far Eastern Economic Review v142, n46 (Nov 17, 1988):87. Pub Type: Review.

Al-Azami, Tarik Hamdi. Religion, identity, and state in modern Islam. Muslim World v84, n3-4 (July-Oct, 1994):334 (8 pages). Abstract: Abdul-Al-Ahsan, in his book 'Ummah or Nation? Identity Crisis in Contemporary Muslim Society' stresses the need for a reinterpretation of the Quran in the modern context and discusses the threat to pan-Islamism. Al-Hassan suggests that Muslim intellectuals should look for examples in early Muslim history to solve their society's problems. However, modern situations such as the Iranian revolution which started with Islamism in the Iranian context remains unattended.

Algeria's brush with freedom. Economist v319, n7711 (June 15, 1991):39 (2 pages).

Ali, Salamat. Hand of God: no end in sight for theocratic rule. (Iran) Far Eastern Economic Review v149, n27 (July 5, 1990):24 (2 pages).

Ali, Salamat. Polarised politics: the Sindh government is paralysed by ethnic disorder. (Pakistan) Far Eastern Economic Review v145, n38 (Sept 21, 1989):20 (2 pages).

Ali, Salamat. State and religion. (Lahore High Court upholds the supremacy of Islamic laws over the constitution) Far Eastern Economic Review v155, n6 (Feb 13, 1992):18 (2 pages). Abstract: A Dec 1991 ruling by the Lahore High Court established the dominance of Islamic laws over Pakistani constitutional laws. The decision gives Shariat or religious courts the power to countermand any constitutional law that violates Shariat rules. The decision affects domestic politics, businesses, industries and international relations. As a result, foreign finance institutions are becoming hesitant towards Pakistani business ventures. The Shariat was created by Zia-ul Haq who also empowered it to decide on cases that involve violations of Islamic laws.

Aljeers. (Islamic fundamentalist victory in Algeria) (Editorial) New Republic v206, n4 (Jan 27, 1992):7 (2 pages). Pub Type: Editorial. Abstract: Political corruption and tyranny led Algerians to forsake democratic nationalism for Islamic theocracy. The electoral victory of Islamic fundamentalism provides a warning for US policymakers.

Anderson, Harry. The end of the Khomeini era; the ayatollah dies, but can his successor rule? (Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini) Newsweek v113, n24 (June 12, 1989):40. Pub Type: Biography.

Anderson, Lisa. Liberalism, Islam, and the Arab state. Dissent v41, n4 (Fall, 1994):439 (6 pages). Abstract: Islamic fundamentalism, which opposes liberal democracy, took root in Arab countries due to the Arab regimes' promoting pre-industrial welfare states, which discourage the growth of ideology-based groups and encourage identity-based groups. The failure of the regimes to fulfill their goals and the absence of regular elections distanced the people from the rulers. Islamists used moral standards to judge the governments and decided that only a government run on Islamic principles would succeed. However, they also have the same pattern of governing as the regimes they replaced.

Anderson, Lisa. Obligation and accountability: Islamic politics in North Africa. (Religion and Politics) Daedalus v120, n3 (Summer, 1991):93 (20 pages). Abstract: North Africa is being challenged to provide government accountability. The political significance of Islam in North Africa has reflected both a common political economy and the different political histories of each country.

Aznam, Suhaini. Minor conversion; religious ruling raises fears among non-Muslims. (Malaysia) Far Eastern Economic Review v145, n31 (August 3, 1989):30.

Aznam, Suhaini. Mum's the word; non-Muslims forbidden to use words that may confuse Malays. (in Malaysia) Far Eastern Economic Review v140, n18 (May 5, 1988):35 (2 pages).

Aznam, Suhaini. Spouses and suitors. (states differ on approach to polygamy)(Malaysia) Far Eastern Economic Review v153, n34 (August 22, 1991):18.

Baker, Barbara G. Persecution: believers in Turkey claim their legal rights. Christianity Today v33, n6 (April 7, 1989):44.

Bakhash, Shaul. Interpretations of Islam: Past and Present. (book reviews) New York Review of Books v35, n12 (July 21, 1988):30 (3 pages). Pub Type: Review.

Bakhash, Shaul. The Political Language of Islam. (book reviews) New York Review of Books v35, n12 (July 21, 1988):30 (3 pages). Pub Type: Review.

Bakhash, Shaul. What Khomeini did. (Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini) New York Review of Books v36, n12 (July 20, 1989):16 (4 pages). Pub Type: Biography.

Buckley, William F., Jr. Victor's justice: danger ahead. (Afghanistan) (column) National Review v41, n5 (March 24, 1989):54. Pub Type: Column.

Buruma, Ian. Daughter of the East. (book reviews) New York Review of Books v36, n3 (March 2, 1989):8 (4 pages). Pub Type: Review.

Clad, James. Making separate cases; government moves to counter Muslim lobbying abroad. (Philippines) Far Eastern Economic Review v140, n14 (April 7, 1988):19 (2 pages).

Closing in on King Fahd: Saudi Arabia. (religious conservatives) Economist v325, n7790 (Dec 19, 1992):40 (2 pages). Abstract: A coalition of academics, religious scholars, and other conservatives has petitioned Saudi King Fahd to move toward an Islamic theocracy. The coalition advocates further restrictions on women's rights, a military buildup, and more authority for the ulema.

Cockburn, Leslie; Cockburn, Andrew. Royal Mess. (Committee for the Defense of Legitimate Rights criticizes government of King Saud in Saudi Arabia) New Yorker v70, n39 (Nov 28, 1994):54 (12 pages). Abstract: Muhammad al-Masari's Committee for the Defense of Legitimate Rights, though conservative in its adherence to Islam and views on women's rights, has risked all to demand accountability from the government. Topics discussed include human rights, US relations and the future of the house of King Saud.

Commins, David. Islam, the People and the State: Essays on Political Ideas and Movements in the Middle East. (book reviews) Muslim World v80, n3-4 (July-Oct, 1990):278. Pub Type: Review.

Crozier, Brian. Islamic wasteland. (Iran) National Review v41, n5 (March 24, 1989):17.

Death of a 'demon'. (Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini) (editorial) Nation v248, n25 (June 26, 1989):869. Pub Type: Editorial.

Debusmann, Bernd. Covering the Afghan war. Editor & Publisher v122, n24 (June 17, 1989):20 (2 pages).

Decter, Midge. The Rushdiad. (controversy over The Satanic Verses by Salman Rushdie) Commentary v87, n6 (June, 1989):18 (6 pages).

Delfs, Robert. Restoration period. (Islam in Xinjiang, China) Far Eastern Economic Review v141, n34 (Aug 25, 1988):30.

Does Islam have room for religious liberty? Christianity Today v35, n9 (August 19, 1991):51 (2 pages). Pub Type: Biography.

Driving matters. (Notebook - Saudi women leading auto protest villified as 'communists' in violent leaflets) (editorial) New Republic v204, n3 (Jan 21, 1991):10 (2 pages). Pub Type: Editorial.

Egypt's gentle voice, iron hand. (Islamic reformer Sayed Tantawi appointed head of Al Alzhar University; crackdown on Islamist dissidents continues) Economist v339, n7961 (April 13, 1996):33. Abstract: Egyptian Pres Hosni Mubarak appointed Tantawi as grand Imam of the influential Islamic Al Azhar University, as a gentle way of answering the government's fundamentalist Islamic critics. Meanwhile, the ruthless roundup of radical and even moderate Muslim dissidents continues.

For God and growth in Malaysia: Islam in Asia. Economistv329, n7839 (Nov 27, 1993):39. Abstract: Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad has tried to accommodate the nation's Muslims with such measures as dual banking systems, but now faces more pressure from fundamentalists. Not wanting to defy Islamic law, he has agreed to let the state of Kelantan adapt the strict Islamic criminal code.

From paradise to watermelons. (Iran) Economist v307, n7544 (April 2, 1988):35 (2 pages).

Gaffney, Patrick D. The changing voices of Islam: the emergence of professional preachers in contemporary Egypt. Muslim World v81, n1 (Jan, 1991):27 (21 pages).

Gallagher, Nancy E. Islam v. secularism in Cairo: an account of the Dar al-Hikma debate. Middle Eastern Studies v25, n2 (April, 1989):208 (8 pages).

Hammond, Andrew. A new political culture emerges in Egypt. Middle East n255 (April, 1996):5 (3 pages). Abstract: Political restlessness is becoming prevalent among the young activists across Egypt's political spectrum. The younger generation of political activists has made several telling moves, such as breaking ranks with the ageing leadership of the Muslim Brotherhood, establishing 'Al Destour,' a paper with political lines clearly against Islamists and the old opposition leaders. The state's response is to jail the young dissenters and keep the old opposition leaders in line through its established communication lines.

Hansen, Holger Bernt. Pre-colonial immigrants and colonial servants. The Nubians in Uganda revisited. African Affairs v90, n361 (Oct, 1991):559 (22 pages). Abstract: The Nubians, who entered Uganda as mercenary soldiers employed by colonial rulers, have been studied in terms of their ethnic and religious distinctions from mainstream society. New archival material, however, which includes interviews with Nubians from the 1930s, indicates the importance of their status as immigrants in determining the cultural formation of their assimilation into Ugandan society. To understand their experience, the Nubians must be compared to other immigrant communities.

Haqqani, Husain. Legal entanglements; Zia raises hackles with new efforts to expand Islamic law. (Zia-ul Haq of Pakistan) Far Eastern Economic Review v140, n26 (June 30, 1988):30 (2 pages).

Hermida, Alfred. The state and Islam. (North Africa)(includes related article) (Africa Report 40th Anniversary) Africa Report v39, n5 (Sept-Oct, 1994):55 (4 pages). Abstract: Muslim fundamentalism has replaced independence and nationalism as the strongest political force in Northern Africa. The governments that resulted from independence in the region successfully ended colonialism, but now face a Muslim uprising. Morocco and Tunisia have been trying to control the rise of political Islam. However, Algeria seems to be the most politically tenuous nation in the region since the fall of its government and the Islamic regime's rise to power.

Hewitt, Bill. Burying the passions Khomeini inflamed; even as the ayatollah was laid to rest, a more pragmatic Iran showed signs of emerging. (Ruhollah Ayatollah Khomeini) Newsweek v113, n25 (June 19, 1989):44 (2 pages). Pub Type: Biography.

Hiebert, Murray. Islam or investment: state told to vote money or vote religion.(Malaysia) Far Eastern Economic Review v158, n13 (March 30, 1995):20 (2 pages). Abstract: Malaysia's ruling National Front coalition is waging a high-stakes campaign in Kelantan, the only province it does not control, to reassert itself in the approaching but unscheduled elections. The National Front is depicting Kelentan's ruling Islamic party, Parti Islam (Pas), as economically incompetent, but Pas is counting on its strong religious identity to insulate it from such attacks. Even some of the coalition's members do not expect to sweep to victory, but they hope to garner a few seats their while limiting Pas gains.

How to ride Islam's tiger. (North Africa) Economist v312, n7610 (July 8, 1989):48.

If Islamists rule Algeria. Economist v334, n7903 (Feb 25, 1995):41 (2 pages). Abstract: Scholars argue that when Algeria becomes an Islamic state, it might be more repressive than other Islamic countries because of its lack of entities to control extreme Muslim groups. The leaders would have less control and the fundamentalists would take their place.

Imams and Emirs: State, Religion and Sects in Islam. (book reviews) Middle East n220 (Feb, 1993):42. Pub Type: Review.

Islam in Modern Turkey: Religion, Politics and Literature in a Secular State. (book reviews) Middle East n207 (Jan, 1992):41. Pub Type: Review.

Islamic mediator: Sudan. Economist v329, n7841 (Dec 11, 1993):48. Abstract: Sudan hopes to become a negotiator between Middle Eastern and Northern African governments and Islamic fundamentalists. The Sudanese government hosted a conference for fundamentalists and government officials. Only a few government leaders showed up and the Arab Gulf states boycotted the event.

Islamists gain in local voting. (Refah Party wins control of 26 municipalities in Turkish local elections) (Brief Article) Facts on File v54, n2787 (April 28, 1994):309. Pub Type: Brief Article.

Ispahani, Mahnaz. Middling through: how moderate Muslims survive. New Republic v201, n1 (July 3, 1989):18 (3 pages).

Jackson, Sherman A. The second education of the mufti: notes on Shihab al-Din al-Qarafi's tips to the jurisconsult. (the medieval Islamic mufti) Muslim World v82, n3-4 (July-Oct, 1992):201 (17 pages). Abstract: The case of Shihab al-Din al-Qarafi in Egypt shows how the medieval mufti were locked in a relentless struggle to remain independent from the policies of the state. The religious power of the mufti was the only countervailing force against arbitrary tyranny by the government, and their relationship formed the dialectic which drove Muslim history. Al-Qarafi's advice to the Jurisconsult was designed to help new mufti effectively issue legal opinions.

Kamaluddin, S. A religious wrangle; opposition condemns moves to declare an Islamic state. (Bangladesh) Far Eastern Economic Review v140, n21 (May 26, 1988):40 (2 pages).

Kamaluddin, S. Courtroom politics; the opposition takes up battle in courts. (Bangladesh) Far Eastern Economic Review v145, n40 (Oct 5, 1989):42.

Kamaluddin, S. Fundamental differences; orthodox groups cautiously critical. (Islam becomes state religion in Bangladesh) Far Eastern Economic Review v140, n25 (June 23, 1988):14 (2 pages).

Kamaluddin, S. Pulpit politics; self-styled religious leader sparks a controversy. (M.D.H. Saeedi of Bangladesh) Far Eastern Economic Review v143, n7 (Feb 16, 1989):30 (2 pages).

Kamaluddin, S. Rightwing rivalry. (Islamic fundamentalist parties in Bangladesh) Far Eastern Economic Review v143, n7 (Feb 16, 1989):31.

Kamaluddin, S. The Islamic way; Ershad's religious amendment steals Zealots' thunder. (H.M. Ershad of Bangladesh) Far Eastern Economic Review v140, n25 (June 23, 1988):14 (2 pages).

Kamaluddin, S. Voice of the victims; women and minorities protest the Islamic move. (state religion in Bangladesh) Far Eastern Economic Review v140, n25 (June 23, 1988):16 (2 pages).

Kaplan, Robert D. A Bazaari's world: to understand Iran - and perhaps even the future of other parts of the Islamic world, one must understand a man like Mohsen Rafiqdoost.(head of Bonyad, the Foundation of the Oppreseed)(Interview) Atlantic Monthly v277, n3 (March, 1996):28 (4 pages). Pub Type: Interview. Abstract: Rafiqdoost is arguably the second-most powerful person in Iran. He was the Revolutionary Guards' security chief, personally driving Ayatollah Khomeini home from Teheran airport in 1979. The Bonyad is actually a cartel of 1,200 companies spanning the nation, state within a state with clerical backing.

Kreutz, Andrej. State Politics and Islam. (book reviews) Muslim World v80, n3-4 (July-Oct, 1990):283 (2 pages). Pub Type: Review.

Langewiesche, William. Turabi's law. (Islamic regime in Sudan) Atlantic Monthly v274, n2 (August, 1994):26 (7 pages). Pub Type: Biography. Abstract: The Islamist revolution that installed a fundamentalist regime in Sudan has failed to solve the basic problems of the country, and this failure has ominous implications for future Islamic regimes. Sudan is a fragmented country and Islamic law cannot be universally and tolerantly applied.

Laver, Ross. Toward an Islamic state. (Pakistan) Maclean's v101, n3 (Jan 18, 1988):20 (2 pages).

Lee, Amos. Islam, Democracy, the State and the West: A Round Table With Dr. Hasan Turabi. (book reviews) Muslim World v84, n3-4 (July-Oct, 1994):362 (3 pages). Pub Type: Review.

Lewis, Bernard. Islam and liberal democracy. Atlantic v271, n2 (Feb, 1993):89 (9 pages). Abstract: The development of democracy in Islamic countries faces religious and legal obstacles, but the democratic ideal is growing in the Middle East. Establishment of fundamentalist regimes would damage prospects of democracy, but this outcome is not inevitable.

MacLeod, Scott. In the wake of 'Desert Storm'. (Persian Gulf War fosters dreams of a united Arab nation) New York Review of Books v38, n5 (March 7, 1991):6 (3 pages).

Malay trilogy. (Melayu Islam Beraja: ideology that links Islam, culture, monarchy)(Regional Affairs) Far Eastern Economic Review v150, n46 (Nov 15, 1990):19.

Malik, Habib C. Faith to faith: tough times for Christian Arabs. New Republic v203, n27 (Dec 31, 1990):16 (2 pages).

Mallon, Elias D. Offense and counter-offense. ("The Satanic Verses" controversy) America v160, n13 (April 8, 1989):327 (3 pages).

Mango, Andrew. Islam and the State. (book reviews) Times Literary Supplement n4438 (April 22, 1988):444. Pub Type: Review.

Mango, Andrew. Islam in Modern Turkey: Religion, Politics and Literature in a Secular State. (book reviews) World Today v50, n3 (March, 1994): 60 (2 pages). Pub Type: Review.

Manzoor, S. Parvez. The future of Muslim politics: critique of the 'fundamentalist' theory of the Islamic state. (Islam and the Future) Futures v23, n3 (April, 1991):289 (13 pages). Abstract: This article considers the future of Muslim political thought in the context of growing de-Islamization and the dominance of western institutions. The 'fundamentalist' theory of the Islamic state - total mobilization of Muslim societies under a universal state - is criticized as religiously an immanentist heresy, and politically a totalitarian nightmare. Proposed here is a way out of the moral and intellectual crisis in Islamic political thought through the principle of Shura - meaning that Muslims must evolve their own form of representative government. (Reprinted by permission of the publisher.)

Matthee, Rudi. Administrative stability and change in late-17th-century Iran: the case of Shaykh Ali Khan Zanganah (1669-89). International Journal of Middle East Studies v26, n1 (Feb, 1994):77 (22 pages). Abstract: Shaykh Ali Khan's tenure as grand vizier of the Safavid ruler Shah Sulayman witnessed the pinnacle of his position's historic power while illustrating several characteristics of government in that period. He was a capable administrator, ensuring a steady flow of funds despite political intrigues that eventually robbed him of his position. His ability to first get, then reattain the post indicates the flexibility of the governmental system. He could not have held such power under a strong ruler, but such a one could have better balanced the vizier with the developing shadow cabinet.

McDonald, Hamish. Back to feudalism. (Afghanistan) Far Eastern Economic Review v145, n28 (July 13, 1989):16 (2 pages).

McDonald, Hamish. Piety and patriotism: shared culture and religion but separate nations. (Soviet Central Asia) Far Eastern Economic Review v148, n21 (May 24, 1990):32 (2 pages).

McDonald, Hamish. Tremors in Tartary: Islamic republics assert identity as Moscow falters. (Soviet Central Asia) Far Eastern Economic Review v148, n21 (May 24, 1990):27 (2 pages).

Milani, Mohsen M. The transformation of the Velayat-e Faqih institution: from Khomeini to Khamenei. (in Iran) Muslim World v82, n3-4 (July-Oct, 1992):175 (16 pages). Abstract: The theocratic republic in Iran lead by Ayatollah Khomeini in 1979 was founded on the institution of the Velayat-e Faqih (the Guardianship of the Jurisconsult). Ayatollah Ali Khamenei was selected to be the Faqih after Khomeini died in 1989, but the religious authority of the office had diminished greatly. The primary cause of this change was the re-emergence of the state as Iran's primary political authority.

Mosque and state in Bangladesh. Economist v307, n7553 (June 4, 1988):31.

My brother, my keeper. (Notebook - Beirut religious strife without Israeli presence) (editorial) New Republic v200, n19 (May 8, 1989):7. Pub Type: Editorial.

Nelan, Bruce W. A near miss, this time.(assassination attempt on Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak in Ethiopia) Time v146, n2 (July 10, 1995):40 (2 pages). Abstract: Mubarak survived an assassination attempt while riding in his armored limousine in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. He was quick to blame the attack on Sudan, but it was more likely perpetrated by Egyptian fundamentalists. Mubarak vowed to step up the controversial repression of Islamists.

Northcott, Michael S. Christian-Muslim relations in west Malaysia. Muslim World v81, n1 (Jan, 1991):48 (24 pages).

Ostling, Richard N. Islam regains its voice. (religious freedom in the Soviet Union) (Special Issue: the New USSR) Time v133, n15 (April 10, 1989):98 (2 pages).

Pakistan: peccaverunt. (politically-motivated rape of Farhana Hyat) Economist v321, n7737 (Dec 14, 1991):43. Pub Type: Biography. Abstract: Hyat is granddaughter of a Muslim founder of Pakistan, and a close friend of ousted prime minister Benazir Bhutto. She believes that the current regime ordered the rape, and is protecting perpetrators of similar crimes in the Bhutto stronghold Sind province.

Peretz, Martin. Enbroiled Salman. (Cambridge Diarist: Salman Rushdie) (column) New Republic v200, n12 (March 20, 1989):50. Pub Type: Column.

Phillips, Andrew. The 'Satanic' furor. (The Satanic Verses) Maclean's v102, n9 (Feb 27, 1989):16 (4 pages).

Pipes, Daniel. The Ayatollah, the novelist, and the West. (Ayatollah Khomeini, Salman Rushdie) Commentary v87, n6 (June, 1989):9 (9 pages).

Prophet and loss: Pakistan. (blasphemy law) Economist v331, n7862 (May 7, 1994):38. Abstract: Pakistan's strict blasphemy laws, which are punishable by life imprisonment, may be applied to its Christian minority, according to a recent religious court ruling. Presently, the blasphemy laws fall heaviest on Ahmadis and other dissident Muslims.

Quandt, William B. Islam and the Post-Revolutionary State in Iran. (book reviews) Foreign Affairs v74, n2 (March-April, 1995):164. Pub Type: Review.

Quinn-Judge, Sophie. A planner's dream, but it is not the whole story. (Soviet Asia) Far Eastern Economic Review v141, n33 (Aug 18, 1988):64 (3 pages).

Quinn-Judge, Sophie. An eye on Islam; Moscow fears fundamentalists on borders. (Soviet Union) Far Eastern Economic Review v144, n14 (April 6, 1989):24 (2 pages).

Rakisits, C.G.P. Centre-province relations in Pakistan under President Zia: the government's and the opposition's approaches. Pacific Affairs v61, n1 (Spr, 1988):78 (20 pages).

Rashid, Ahmed. Heroes old and new; Pantheon now includes Tamerlane, Babur and communist leaders. (Central Asia) Far Eastern Economic Review v155, n47 (Nov 26, 1992):39 (3 pages). Abstract:The need to build a new future has prompted Central Asian Muslims such as the Uzbeks, Tajiks, Kazakhs and the Kirgyz to revive ancient Muslim heroes whose memory had been suppressed by Russian communists. The cultural revival of heroes such as Babur and Tamerlane is being welcomed by the Muslim community, descendants of the conquering Mongols, Turks and Persians who were forced to venerate communist heroes, scientists and prominent personalities. Old communists such as Sharaf Rashidov, Faizullah Khojaev, Akmal Ikramov and Sultan Galiev who defied Stalin are also being revived.

Rashid, Ahmed. In God's name; blasphemy law becomes a tool of personal vendettas. (Pakistan) Far Eastern Economic Review v157, n21 (May 26, 1994):20. Abstract: Pakistan's blasphemy law is being used for personal and ethnic conflicts. The Islamic law requires the death penalty for any blaspheming of the Prophet Muhammad or his family, yet no executions have occurred yet. The law is favored by fundamentalists such as Pathan tribesmen from the border region with Afghanistan. However, the targets of the law have been Christians, Muslim intellectuals and the Ahmedi minority sect.

Rashid, Ahmed. The Islamic challenge: Moscow faces dilemma over religious revival. (Soviet Central Asia) Far Eastern Economic Review v149, n28 (July 12, 1990):24 (3 pages).

Rashid, Ahmed. Uzbek unrest. (Soviet Central Asia) Far Eastern Economic Review v149, n28 (July 12, 1990):24 (2 pages).

Rashid, Ahmed. War of nerves; Islamic fundamentalists take aim at Bhutto. (Benazir Bhutto of Pakistan) Far Eastern Economic Review v143, n11 (March 16, 1989):23 (2 pages).

Revel, Jean-Francois. Islam & secularity: the Turkish model. Encounter v71, n3 (Sept-Oct, 1988):37 (3 pages).

Riyadh's bomb. (home-grown terrorism in Saudi Arabia) (Editorial) Economist v337, n7941 (Nov 18, 1995):17. Pub Type: Editorial. Abstract: The car-bombing in Riyadh was probably the work of Saudi Islamic fundamentalists, striking against the increasingly repressive Saudi regime. The royal family may respond only with increased security measures. They should institute political reforms to quell the growing unrest.

Rounding up the brethren. (arresting of members of Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt) (Editorial) Economist v336, n7926 (August 5, 1995):17. Pub Type: Editorial. Abstract: The Egyptian government's arresting of Muslim Brotherhood members simply because of their political beliefs is politically inept. The group believes in an Islamic government, but also believes in democracy and does not favor the violent tactics of Islamic extremists.

Rushdie1, Ayatollah 0. (death of Khomeini) (editorial) New Republic v200, n26 (June 26, 1989):6 (2 pages). Pub Type: Editorial.

Rushdie furor highlights the nature of Islamic faith. (theologian Steve Johnson) (interview) Christianity Today v33, n6 (April 7, 1989):38 (2 pages). Pub Type: Interview.

Rushdie, Salman. Zia unmourned. (General Mohammad Zia ul-Haq) (editorial) Nation v247, n6 (Sept 19, 1988):188 (2 pages). Pub Type: Editorial.

Salaam, Welfare. (Islamist Welfare Party of Turkey) (Editorial) Economist v338, n7952 (Feb 10, 1996):18 (2 pages). Pub Type: Editorial. Abstract: The Islamist Welfare Party may win over the Turkish government, but it would not lead to radical changes. Party leader Necmettin Erbakan has shown a willingness to be moderate, and his party is the least authoritarian of the Islamist parties.

Sammut, Dennis. Libya and the Islamic challenge. World Todayv50, n10 (Oct, 1994):198 (3 pages). Abstract: Colonel Qaddafi appears to have prevented Islamic fundamentalists from disrupting Libyan society by cloaking his revolution in religious terms and by acting decisively against would-be insurgents. The Senussia Order and the urban Islamists, whose members traditionally included elite members of Libyan society, were brought under control fairly easily. Certain fundamentalist groups were eradicated completely early in the revolution. The homogeneity of Libyan society has also neutralized some of the power of the Islamic fundamentalists.

Sampson, Elissa. Islam politicized: in the Middle East is the mosque the only resort for change? (Interview) Christianity and Crisis v53, n3 (March 1, 1993):60 (3 pages). Pub Type: Interview. Abstract: Fundamentalist elements of Islam gain popular support when the state fails to meet the needs of its citizens. Opposition to the state assumes a religious character because all secular political opposition has been eliminated in countries such as Iran and Egypt. Though Islam is portrayed in the Western media as a monolithic entity threatening rational politics, it is a varied phenomenon. Properly understood, it serves less to explain political developments than to justify certain political stances that are motivated more by social factors, such as class, than by theological concerns.

Sareen, Rajendra. In the name of religion; a controversial mosque exacerbates Hindu-Muslim enmity. (India) Far Eastern Economic Review v141, n29 (July 21, 1988):28 (2 pages).

Sareen, Rajendra. Pragmatists and radicals; factions among the clergy fight for supremacy after ceasefire. (Iran) Far Eastern Economic Review v141, n36 (Sept 8, 1988):36 (2 pages).

Seaward, Nick. Letter from Shah Alam. (Selangor state mosque in Malaysia) (column) Far Eastern Economic Review v140, n16 (April 21, 1988):94. Pub Type: Column.

Shooting or voting for Islam. (dealing with militants in Algeria, Egypt and Jordan) Economist v328, n7826 (August 28, 1993):39. Abstract: Arab countries are trying different ways to handle Islamic militants with little success. Algeria has opted for total repression, Jordan has incorporated fundamentalists into the democratic process almost too well and Egypt is trying a combination of democracy and crackdown.

Smith, William E. The new satans; as the West wakes up, Khomeini confirms that the real fight is in Iran. (continuing furor over Salman Rushdie's book 'Satanic Verses') Time v133, n10 (March 6, 1989):36 (3 pages).

Sricharatchanya, Paisal. A small but worrisome threat. (Muslim separatists in Thailand) Far Eastern Economic Review v140, n21 (May 26, 1988):36 (2 pages).

Sricharatchanya, Paisal. But for some sense; insensitivity prods Muslim radicals to turn violent. (in Thailand) Far Eastern Economic Review v140, n17 (April 28, 1988):24 (2 pages).

Sricharatchanya, Paisal. Salt in the wound. (Thailand Muslims protest book publication) Far Eastern Economic Review v140, n21 (May 26, 1988):38.

Sricharatchanya, Paisal. The right to be different; Muslims in the south demand protection of religion and culture. (Thailand) Far Eastern Economic Review v140, n21 (May 26, 1988):36 (3 pages).

Tal, Lawrence. Islam and the Post-Revolutionary State in Iran. (book reviews) Times Literary Supplement n4818 (August 4, 1995):26. Pub Type: Review.

The blur in Turkey. (editorial) Economist v321, n7730 (Oct 26, 1991):15 (2 pages). Pub Type: Editorial. Abstract: Turkish Prime Minister Suleyman Demirel, elected with a tiny plurality, needs a hard-nosed government to reduce the budget deficit and improve treatment of the Kurds. He must restrain egos and form a coalition with the Motherland Party, and Pres Turgut Ozal.

The pilgrim's tale. (President Suharto has ruled Indonesia for 25 years) Economist v320, n7716 (July 20, 1991):35 (2 pages).

The president, the sheikh and Le Piano: Syria. (economic reform) Economist v327, n7807 (April 17, 1993):46. Abstract: Syrian strongman Hafez al-Assad has instituted limited economic reforms, such as Law 10, aimed at boosting private industry and attracting investment from expatriate Syrians and foreigners. Still, the pace of investment has been slow, and Islamic militancy may be increasing.

The state of Islam: Southeast Asia's social contract. Far Eastern Economic Review v158, n41 (Oct 12, 1995):7. Abstract: Southeast Asia's Muslim nations have proven that economic growth can cohabit with religious faith, but they must also understand that governmental structure is as important as individual virtue in reducing corruption. Those nations that reduce the temptations to those in political power, those that reward virtue while allowing for individual failings, will ultimately do best. Critics in Europe and elsewhere should recognize the dangers a Western philosophy of self-fulfillment can pose, as well as those of theocracy.

The Sudan: a case of abuse. (repression of southern black Christians) (Editorial) America v167, n7 (Sept 19, 1992):155. Pub Type: Editorial. Abstract: The Sudanese government is attempting to establish an Islamic republic. It has been arresting Catholic priests, deporting missionaries, closing churches and terrorizing Christian villages.

Time to turn back: leaders. (Algerian military government must legalize the Islamic movement) (Editorial) Economist v330, n7848 (Jan 29, 1994):16. Pub Type: Editorial. Abstract: Algeria's military government has lost the confidence of its citizens and is not able to stop a full-scale rebellion by the Islamic movement. The government should legalize the Islamic Salvation Front and free its leaders from prison, in return for a denouncement of terrorism.

Two cheers for blasphemy. (Salman Rushdie) (editorial) New Republic v200, n11 (March 13, 1989):7 (3 pages). Pub Type: Editorial.

Vatikiotis, Michael. Against the odds; Kelantan's Islamic government faces uphill task. Far Eastern Economic Review v155, n3 (Jan 23, 1992):23 (2 pages).

Vatikiotis, Michael. Faith in teaching; Muslims say new education law is too "secular." (Indonesia) Far Eastern Economic Review v141, n30 (July 28, 1988):25.

Vatikiotis, Michael. Faith without fanatics: a surge in Muslim activity despite extremist scares. (Indonesia) Far Eastern Economic Review v148, n24 (June 14, 1990):25 (2 pages).

Vatikiotis, Michael. Federal strategy. (Islami Pas in Kelantan, Malaysia) Far Eastern Economic Review v155, n3 (Jan 23, 1992):28.

Vatikiotis, Michael. Hearts and minds: new think-tank seeks to modernise Islam. (Malaysian Institute for Islamic Understanding) Far Eastern Economic Review v156, n20 (May 20, 1993):32. Abstract: The Malaysian Institute for Islamic Understanding (IKIM) is a new think-tank set up Malaysian Prime Minister Datuk Seri Mahathir Mohamad in Jul 1992 to reconcile Islam with progressivism and economic development. Mahathir sees the conservative tendency of Islam as a possible obstacle to his goal of making Malaysia a developed country by 2020. IKIM was established to frame an ideology that justifies industrialization in terms of the traditional Islamic work ethic, though IKIM also has the ostensible purpose of increasing non-Muslims' understanding of Islam.

Vatikiotis, Michael. Islam, Muslims and the Modern State. (book reviews) Far Eastern Economic Review v157, n37 (Sept 15, 1994):54 (2 pages). Pub Type: Review.

Vatikiotis, Michael. Islam's hidden warriors; army finds and destroys extremist settlement. (Indonesia) Far Eastern Economic Review v143, n8 (Feb 23, 1989):10 (2 pages).

Vatikiotis, Michael. Letter from Banda Aceh. (Islamic province in Sumatra, Indonesia) (column) Far Eastern Economic Review v141, n36 (Sept 8, 1988):154. Pub Type: Column.

Vatikiotis, Michael. Name stakes; new title for lottery fails to halt criticisms. (Indonesia) Far Eastern Economic Review v143, n2 (Jan 12, 1989):27 (2 pages).

Vatikiotis, Michael. Practical piety: key Muslims abandon hemmed-in party politics. (Indonesia) Far Eastern Economic Review v148, n24 (June 14, 1990):26 (3 pages).

Vatikiotis, Michael. Radical chic: Islamic fringe groups gain influence among the elite. (Malaysia) Far Eastern Economic Review v157, n21 (May 26, 1994):33 (2 pages). Abstract: Groups of Islamic extremists are gaining political power in Malaysia. One influence they have is on the strongest opposition party, Pas, which is Islamic. The government is concerned about the effect of fundamentalist extremists on upcoming elections, and also the growing appeal of such fringe groups to elites such as the urban middle class. Another group taking interest in the fringe groups is students.

Vatikiotis, Michael. Spiritual revival. (Ismail Hasan Matareum of Indonesia) Far Eastern Economic Review v145, n37 (Sept 14, 1989):25.

Vatikiotis, Michael. Temporal tuition. (Muslims in Indonesia) Far Eastern Economic Review v148, n24 (June 14, 1990):30.

Vatikiotis, Michael. The golden mean: faith in religion invoked to cope with modern pressures. (Malaysia) Far Eastern Economic Review v156, n41 (Oct 14, 1993):23 (2 pages). Abstract: Malaysia's prime minister, Mohamad Mahathir, views his society as becoming more religious and Muslim, while others are concerned about resulting social repression. Mahathir notes that religous toleration is basic to Islam and will be upheld by the government. He sees the rise of Islam as a healthy counterbalance to the shallow materialism and anxieties of modern industrial consumer economies.

Villalon, Leonardo A. Sufi rituals as rallies: religious ceremonies in the politics of Senegalese state-society relations. Comparative Politics v26, n4 (July, 1994):415 (23 pages). Abstract: The relation between the state and society of Senegalese is balanced due to the importance of religion and culture in its social organization. Marabouts, leaders of Islamic Sufi orders, have large number of followers and play major roles in local and state administration. The rituals conducted, which elicit a huge response, form the pivot of social institutions and this brings unity and harmony in the politics of Senegal.

Waiting for the other shoe. (Algerian politics) Economist v322, n7741 (Jan 11, 1992):37 (2 pages). Abstract: Algeria will have a divided government if the fundamentalist Islamic Salvation Front, as expected, wins the upcoming elections called for by secular pres Chadli Benjedid. Speculation on a Prime Minister candidate and how the party will pursue its radical goals are presented.

Watson, Russell. Iran's crusade falls far short; Islamic fundamentalism continues to spread, but Khomeini's brand has found few takers. (Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini) Newsweek v112, n8 (Aug 22, 1988):32 (2 pages).

Weaver, Mary Anne. The novelist and the sheikh. (Egyptian writer Naguib Mahfouz, who was stabbed) New Yorker v70, n47 (Jan 30, 1995):52 (17 pages). Abstract: Author Mahfouz' stabbing illustrates the tensions between Islamic militants and corrupt secular government forces in Egypt. The government blamed the stabbing on Islamic militants, but Mahfouz is unconvinced of this. Hosni Mubarak and Omar Abdel-Rahman also discuss the investigation.

Weaver, Mary Anne. The trail of the sheikh: a reporter at large. (Sheikh Omar Abdel-Rahman) New Yorker v69, n8 (April 12, 1993):71 (18 pages). Pub Type: Biography. Abstract: Sheikh Omar, whose New Jersey followers are charged with the World Trade Center bombing, has been leading a fundamentalist revolution against the Egyptian government. His life and movement are profiled and the circumstances of his entrance into the US are examined.

What is Bosnia?(influence of Iran in Bosnia)(Editorial) New Republic v214, n21 (May 20, 1996):7. Pub Type: Editorial. Abstract: Alija Izetbegovic's Bosnia is rapidly transforming itself into an Muslim ethnocracy. This disturbing trend is a result of Western inaction during the vicious, ethnic civil war. The Dayton peace accord is failing to deliver a multiethnic democracy.

Where strange things happen: Central Asia. Economist v324, n7776 (Sept 12, 1992):36 (2 pages). Abstract: Leaders of the Central Asian republics that border Tajikistan fear that the unrest that toppled the government of former Communist leader Rakhmon Nabiev will spread to their countries. The leaders hope that Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) troops will be deployed to restore order.

Wilkinson, Ray. Life after the ayatollah; Iran begins to chafe under revolutionary rule. (Ruhollah Ayatollah Khomeini) Newsweek v113, n26 (June 26, 1989):47. Pub Type: Biography.

Winkel, Eric A. Islam: State and Society. (book reviews) Muslim World v82, n1-2 (Jan-April, 1992):162 (2 pages). Pub Type: Review.

Women in an Islamic Palestine. (Islamic resistance movement Hamas vs women's movement) Economist v332, n7881 (Sept 17, 1994):41. Abstract: The resistance movement Hamas's political goal of establishing the authority of Islamic law in autonomous Palestine has worried the Palestinian women's movement. The feminists disagree with each other whether to resist Hamas completely or work for liberal interpretation of religious laws.

Women, Islam and the State. (book reviews) Times Literary Supplement n4630 (Dec 27, 1991):25 (2 pages). Pub Type: Review.

Wright, Robin. A Teheran spring. (Iran) New Yorker v68, n18 (June 22, 1992):40 (18 pages). Abstract: The influence of the late Ayatollah Khomeini in post-revolutionary Iran is still keenly felt, even as the nation turns from hard-line xenophobia toward a more pragmatic government. Key events in the 1992 electoral contest between the hard-line Ruhaniyoun and the moderate Ruhaniyat are detailed.

Wright, Robin. Report from Turkestan. New Yorker v68, n7 (April 6, 1992):53 (21 pages). Abstract:The Central Asian Republics were once part of Turkestan before Czarist and Communist rule. The social and political climates in Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Tajikistan are profiled. Plans for Islamic republics and a revival of a Turkestan brotherhood of states are discussed.

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