Fellowships: Institute of International Studies, UC Berkeley
Mark Antaki, Jurisprudence and Social Policy: A Genealogy of Crimes Against Humanity.
How has it become possible, in contemporary time, to conceive of such a crime as a crime against humanity? What are the implications of the emergence of this crime fo rmodern understandings of sovereignty (and authority), of jurisdiction (and belonging), and of the nature and limits of both criminal law and international law? These questions have guided the initial articulation of Mr. Antaki's project. The goal of the dissertation is to problematize and thematize "crimes against humanity" by tracing hte conditions of their emergence and asking whether something has been lost as well as gained in oru newfound ability to articulate such crimes. In particular, Mr. Antaki seeks to trace post-Cold War developments in international law (e.g. the rise of universal jurisdiction and international criminal tribunals) back to the Nuremberg trials and even further back to the French Revolutionary trial of Louis XVI, where Robespierre asked that the National Convention declare Louis XVI a "criminal toward humanity."
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Loren Landau, Political Science: Crisis and Transformation: State Construction in Refugee-Affected Tanzania.
This is a study about the politics of rural Tanzania; it is an account of crises, transitions, and transformations. Through a comparison of two similar sites-one of which has been directly influenced by substantial inflows of central African refugees-Mr. Landau endeavors to demonstrate how crises may lead to the reconfiguration of political authority among host populations. This is a timely project that will systematically explore a topic whic his becoming an ever more important part of people's lived reality throughout the world. In tracing the impacts of refugees and humanitarian assistance on the practice of politics in Tanzania, Mr. Landau not only intends to address the need for a better understanding of forced migration, but to synthesize studies of refugee experience with scholarship on state-formation and the structuring of state-society relations. Melding these two literatures will benefit from considerable cross-fertilization while simultaneously helping to eschew mechanistic and teleological models of rural political-economic transition and development. In lieu of linear models of change, Mr. Landau intends to highlight the central role played by historical contingency in shaping contemporary political institutions and behavior. This fellowship is a renewal of Mr. Landau's 1999-2000 MacArthur fellowship.
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Jason McNichol, Sociology: Contesting Governance in the Global Marketplace: A Sociological Assessment of Business-NGO Partnerships to Build Markets for Certified Wood Products. At a time when fierce debate surrounds the question of how environmental and safety standards should be defined and enforced in global commodity trade, how and why have dominant firms and NGOs chosen to cooperate and build successful new programs for third-party certification in some domestic spaces but not others? This dissertation attempts to understand the nature of new international alliances between firms and NGOs attempting to certify environmental and social production standards by comparing the divergent trajectories of a transnational effort to build markets for certified wood products in three high-profile countries: Britain, the United States, and Canada. Drawing upon recent developments in economic sociology and other traditions, Mr. McNichol hypothesizes that three constellations of variables -- sectoral political economy, regulatory style and conventions of market governance, and national culture -- interact to determine how and to what extent transnational NGO-private alliances succeed in building new markets for certified products. Using evidence collected from archives, interviews, participant observation, and trade data, Mr. McNichol engages this model in a comparative analysis to explain how transnational efforts to develop new markets for certified wood products have led to distinctive domestic-level outcomes. The project concludes with observations for the study of international commodity markets and their governance as fields of strategic action, where firms and other stakeholders pay attention to one another, wrestle with competing understandings of efficiency and self-interest, and negotiate new rules and shared meanings in times of crisis. Implications for the roles of states, multilateral institutions, NGOs, and firms in constructing new structures for global market regulation are also considered. Mr. McNichol plans to use the fellowship year to complete analysis and writing of his dissertation.
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