Fellowships: Institute of International Studies, UC Berkeley
Rhonda Evans, Sociology: The Creation of Environmental
and Labor Side Agreements under NAFTA. The passage of NAFTA in 1993 broke important new ground for
multilateral trade agreements. NAFTA was the first regional free
trade agreement between a developing country and an economic
superpower, and it remains the proposed model for greater linkage
between U.S. and other Latin American markets. Not only was NAFTA the
first agreement to explicitly address environmental issues in the
negotiation process, but it also established a new standard for the
enforcement of labor law. The inclusion of environmental and labor
concerns raises fundamental questions about the role of NGOs,
appropriate issue focus, and the formation of state interests in the
creation of multilateral regimes. Further, the relatively greater
success of environmental groups suggests that environmental politics
may be more effective than distributional politics in a multilateral
forum. This dissertation will therefore examine what factors enabled
environmental groups to gain greater concessions than organized labor
in NAFTA's side agreements. Ms. Evans will further explore what this
disparity suggests for the future of environmental and labor concerns
about multinational trade regimes.
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Anne-Maria Herbert, Jurisprudence & Social Policy:
Normative Development through International Organization: The
League of Nations and the Evolution of Human Rights Law,
1919-1945. The dissertation examines how international organizations
contribute to multilateral normative development in international
relations. It is a comparative study of the League of Nations' social
and humanitarian work in three areas, all forerunners of the modern
human rights movement: 1) the creation of international refugee law,
2) the development of international law prohibiting trafficking in
women and children and 3) the campaign to establish basic
international health standards. The cases developed along similar
lines to current multilateral responses to human rights issues: an
initial recognition of the need to coordinate state action; the
development of international community norms that prescribe how
states should treat their residents; and the conclusion that
implementation required a "national solution," and that the
international community's role should be to develop strategies to
"encourage" state compliance with international standards. The
purpose of the dissertation is two-fold: first, to examine how norms
developed in these areas through the activities of international and
non-governmental organizations; and, second, to analyze how these
norms in turn influence behavior both at the national and
international levels. In particular, it will investigate the causal
role of international organizations -- in providing a forum for
bargaining among states, empowering non-state actors, and encouraging
social learning -- as well as highlight the impediments to
implementing new norms.
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Nicholas Jabko, Political Science: The New Europe and the
Market: The Power and Limits of Supranational Liberalism. Freer markets, more power to Brussels? The liberal economic agenda
of the 1980s turned out to be a powerful springboard for the recent
leap of political integration in Europe; yet, in the mid-1990s, the
European integration process once again appears to be stalled. This
thesis will spell out a political dynamic which simultaneously
accounts for the depth and for the limitations of the process of
political integration cum economic liberalization. It will highlight
the role of the European Commission, acting out a doctrine of
economic liberalization, as the hidden hand behind the Single Market.
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