Fellowships: Institute of International Studies, UC Berkeley
Jan Andersson, Political Science: Defense Industry Integration in Western Europe: An Analysis of the Present Push for a Pan-European Defense Industry.
The European defense industry is at present experiencing its most important period of change since the end of W.W. II. The end of the Cold War and increasing competition in the export market are pressuring the European defense industry into restructuring on a pan-European scale previously unthinkable. Although calls for a pan-European defense industry and integrated European defense market have regularly and unsuccessfully been voiced since the 1950s, the present push for defense industry integration is different from previous efforts in two important respects: the broad pan-European scope of reconstruction efforts and the active involvement of national governments as well as European institutions and industrial leaders. Considering the failure of previous efforts to integrate European arms production, the present determined push for a pan-European defense industry is surprising. This dissertation project addresses three questions pertaining to this restructuring. First, what accounts for the demise of national defense industrial champions in Europe? Second, why is there now such resolve to restructure the defense industry on a pan-European level? Third, why has there not been more defense industry integration in Western Europe before now?
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Anne Clunan, Political Science: Images of Cooperation: Explaining State Choices of Multilateralism and Bilateralism.
In this dissertation Ms. Clunan argues that the contemporary process of Russian identity formation is defining Russian politicians' foreign policy orientations. Ms. Clunan argues that the Russian policy elites' national self-images -- ideas about international status and political purpose - shape how they view Russia's interests in economic and security cooperation. These national self-images determine how elites assess costs and benefits associated with policies, and dispose them to adopt cooperative or confrontational orientations. Ms. Clunan shows how the definitions of national interests change in the course of political debates over Russia's international status and the behavior of foreign countries and multilateral organizations. These debates about Russia' image are today driving Russia's national interests regarding the member states of NATO, the Economic Cooperation Organization, APEC and the Commonwealth of Independent States. At the heart of these debates about national self-image is the status foreign actors confer upon post-Soviet Russia, and what Russia's purpose is. In this dissertation Ms. Clunan argues that a broad elite consensus has emerged on maintaining the state's great power status. Russian policy elites favor cooperation when the members of multilateral institutions grant Russia the status of "great power" or "civilized country." When the desired status is denied, Russia's policy elites tend to adopt confrontational attitudes. Ms. Clunan draws on public debates conducted in the press and academic journals, official statements, survey data, and elite interviews collected during twelve months in Russia. Ms. Clunan will spend the fellowship year writing her dissertation.
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Loren Landau, Political Science: Crisis and Transformation: State Construction in Refugee-Affected Tanzania.
This is a study about the politics of rural Tanzania; it is an account of crises, transitions, and transformations. Through a comparison of two similar sites-one of which has been directly influenced by substantial inflows of central African refugees-Mr. Landau endeavors to demonstrate how crises may lead to the reconfiguration of political authority among host populations. This is a timely project that will systematically explore a topic whic his becoming an ever more important part of people's lived reality throughout the world. In tracing the impacts of refugees and humanitarian assistance on the practice of politics in Tanzania, Mr. Landau not only intends to address the need for a better understanding of forced migration, but to synthesize studies of refugee experience with scholarship on state-formation and the structuring of state-society relations. Melding these two literatures will benefit from considerable cross-fertilization while simultaneously helping to eschew mechanistic and teleological models of rural political-economic transition and development. In lieu of linear models of change, Mr. Landau intends to highlight the central role played by historical contingency in shaping contemporary political institutions and behavior.
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