Fellowships: Institute of International Studies, UC Berkeley
Mark Antaki, Jurisprudence and Social Policy: Multilateralism in International Criminal Law.
The recent flurry of activity in international criminal law (as well as international humanitarian law) provides scholars with a unique opportunity to explore issues of multilateralism in the international arena. Is multilateral action in international criminal law driven by and/or best understood by looking to strategic concerns, ethnical concerns, the emergence of a global human rights culture? If the latter, does the language of human rights capture or, conversely, undermine the essential bases of international criminal law? Is multilateral action in international criminal law solidly grounded-legally, philosophically? E.g. is a strong link between justice and peace required for the ad hoc tribunals set-up by the Security Council to be legal, legitimate? In an era of truly international criminal law, will national courts trying international crimes be the agents of the international legal order or, conversely, will international tribunals be the agents of post-atrocity regimes interested in using the criminal law as a tool of nation-building? Mr. Antaki's project aims to explore these types of questions so as to better theorize and understand current developments in international criminal law.
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Claudia D'Andrea, Environmental Science Policy Management: The Effect of Multilateral Development Banks on Agrarian Relations in Indonesia.
International forest conservation research has emphasized the role of upland farmers in addressing global environmental problems such as biodiversity loss and climate change. While global environment problems have created unprecedented levels of cooperation through multilateral development banks in recent years, it remains unclear how global agreements relate to local levels. There are some basic assumptions about how multilateral policies affect the local level through the state, but this does not explain how things really happen. Ms. D'Andrea's study aims to further the understanding of how the global and local interact by examining the economic viability of upland smallholder agroforestry commodity farmers and the merging relationships of these farmers to multilateral development banks. Throughout the recent economic and political crisis in Indonesia, these farmers have managed to maintain steady levels of production of crops such as coffee, cocoa, and cloves for export. Because of the foreign exchange pricing, they have done well economically despite currency depreciation and drops in the prices of most major commodities. One of the consequences of this is that they have attracted the attention of multilateral donors in new and unusual ways. It appears that upland farmers are able to redefine their relationships with the state through the new recognition of their economic strength by multilateral banks. Meanwhile bank pressures to decentralize land administration are reshaping state power relations by creating new forms of rule at different levels within the state. These multilateral pressures are leveraging new political space for upland managers to make claims on customary territory and ethnic identities under the rubric of global environmentalism. The robustness of upland smallholder systems during the Indonesian crisis has the potential to change the political construction of upland peoples. Whereas uplanders were once considered inefficient slash and burn agriculturalists, they have now become regarded as sophisticated commodity producers worthy of bank credit schemes.
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